^f^

CANADIAN BIRDS.

A CATALOGUE

CANADIAN BIRDS,

WITH

Notes on the Distribution ok the Species.

BV

MONTAGUE CHAMBERLAIN.

SAINT JOHN. N. B.

]. & A. McMillan, 98 Prince William Street.
1887.

Entered, According to Act uf Parliament of Canada, in the year 1887,

BV MONTAC.UE CHAMBERLAIN,

In the Office of the Minister of Agriculture, at Ottawa.

PREFACE.

TiiK object of tliis Catalogue is to bring topether the names of all the
birds that have been discovered within the boundaries of the Dominion,
from tlie Atlantic Ocean to the F'acific, and north to the Arctic ; to pre-
sent these in the system of nomenclature and in the sequence now gen-
erally adopted by American Ornithologists, and to give the geographical
distribution of each species.

This latter portion of tlie work has not been accomplished very satis-
factorily, for, although considerable lalxjr and care have been devoted to
the preparation of the notes on distribution, they are not at all coniplete,
and I fear that, on further investigation, some of them will be proven
incorrect. There is no way at present of avoiding these defects. All
the information that is now obtainable has been procured ; the works of
the older authors have been freely drawn upon, as well as those of
recent writers, and a number of MSS. reports have been prepared ex-
pressly for the present work. Hut the greater portion of the country —
immense stretches of forest and prairie and sea coast — have received
little attention from Ornithologists, while even the more settled districts
have not yet been fully investigated, leaving a large amount of field-
work still to be done before anything like a complete account of the
liirds of Canada can be produced.

1 am (juite aware that this opinion regarding the narrow limits of our
knowledge of Canadian birds is opposed to that held by some of the
leading scientific men of the Dominion, who consider th.it all that can be
learned about our fauna is now known to science. That these gentle-
men have held such a view has been unfortunate for Canadian orni-
thology, for it has led them to take little interest in the investigations
that were being made, and to withhold all encouragement from students
of the science ; and as this indiflference of our leaders in scientific aflfairs

i

ii Fkefacl.

has been, it appears to me, the one great reason why ornitlioKiBy lias
not made the advance in Canada that it has in other, countries, I take
this opportunity of drawing attention to the matter.

Lest the reader might think that my idea of the extent and import-
ance of the work yet required is exaggerated, I will tjuote some extracts
bearing on this subject from letters of prominent Naturalists who liave
made a special study of American birds. These letters were addressed
to me privately, and were not written for publication, but as tlie matter
is exceedingly instructive, coming from such eminent authorities, I have
asked permission to print it.

The following is from the pen of I'rof. J. A. Ai.i.kn, of the American
Museum of Natural History, New York, who has been President of the
American Ornithologists' Union ever since its formation, and who takes
rank among the foremost of American Zoologists. Prof. Aulen writes:

" I have long watched with interest the reports of the Canadian Sur-
vey, and have been disappointed to find the Natural History portion of
the work receiving so small a share of attention, where the field is so
inviting and as yet so little worked. The birds and mammals of British
North America offer a particularly attractive field for research. While
we know in a general way what species occur there, and somewhat of
their distribution, many problems of exceeding interest in relation to
North American birds and mammals can be settled satisfactorily only
by means of extensive field-work and large series of specimens gathered
in the great regions north of the United States. It is in this vast terri-
tory we are to look for many of the connecting links between various
northern forms of birds and mammals. In respect to the latter we are
especially lacking in material, the want of which seriously interferes
with intelligent work. Doubtless not a few new species, and a con-
siderable number of new subspecies, await discovery in Canadian terri-
tory; while our knowledge of the manner of occurrence and distribution
of the birds and mammals generally in this region is extremely unsatis-
factory. No portion of this continent north of Mexico offers so inviting
a region for natural history exploration as the great northern interior,
where only the most superficial harvest has been reaped."

Dr. Elliott Cocks, of Washington, whose brilliant scholarship has
so enriched the literature of American ornithology, and who is the best
known in Canada of recent authorities, writes to me thus :

Preface. iii

"As you are aware tliere has of late been a good deal of discussion,
here and among the leaders of the American Ornithologists' Union, re-
specting the comparative status of Canadian ornitholf)gy, I am tempted
to write to you, as our leading Canadian member, and trust you will not
take it amiss if I rail your attention to the great amount of work that
needs to he done before your country can stand side by side with the
United States in this branch of science. With the exception of Mr.
McIi.wkaitm's work — the best manual we have on the special subject
— most of the recent .advances are due to the Geological Survey, directly
or indirectly. And this leads me to inquire whether it would be possible
for the Survey to undertake the requisite work in a more systematic
manner, even to the extent of including some professed Ornithologist
in its corps. * * * * "

Mr. RoiiKKT RiiHiWAV, the well known Curator of the Department
of Birds at the National Museum, Washington, and who is the author of
several of the leading standard works on American ornithology, writes :

"I trust the effort to create an interest in ornithology among Cana-
dian students will, as it certainly should, prove successful.

"There are so many interesting, and, from a scientific standpoint,
important problems regarding the distribution (both general and local),
migrations, etc., of our birds yet to be worked out, that you will have the
best wishes of all naturalists for your success.

"Much as has been done toward the development of ornithology in
North America, it can be safely said that we know the subject only in
outline ; and I do not think I exaggerate when I say that less is known
of the birds of the I'rovinces than of those of any equal area in the
' far-western ' portions of the United States, for the latter have become
so well explored by our numerous (iovernment Surveys."

In a letter received from Dr. C. Hart Mkkkiam, Chief of the Divi-
sion of Ornithology and Mammalogy of the Bureau of Agriculture,
Washington, and who is well ]vnown in Canadian scientific circles, there
occurs the following reference to the subject :

" I am glad to learn from your recent letter that you are endeavoring
to create an increased interest in ornithology among Canadian students,
and hope you will succeed.

•'The Geological Survey has done a vast amount of splendid work in
botany. * if * Why should it not do equally good work in orni-

iv Preface.

ihology ? Surely the economic importance of the subject would justify
many times the expenditure."

William I^rkw-stkr, Esq., who is in charge of the Department of
Birds and Mammals at the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge,
and the Boston Society of Natural History, asks :

"What has Canada done for ornithology? In general terms, simply
nothing, excepting the little that has resulted from purely private inves-
tigations, or from work instigated, and in some cases paid for, on this side
of the line. The results of this work are tritling compared to the as yet
untried opportunities. * * * Speaking in general terms, Canada —
and especially its Northwestern Provinces — is still a virgin field, about
which we are in almost total ignorance. The opportunity it offers is
surely tempting."

1 have heard Dr. Sclater, Secretary of the Zoological Society of
London, express similar views regarding the importance of the ornitho-
logical work still to be done within the boundaries of the Dominion ;
and I gather from letters received from Sir William Dawson that he is
not among those who consider Canadian ornithology a finished work.

But besides the defects arising from insufficiency of material, the
present notes on distribution will probably be found to contain mistakes
due to the limited experience of some of the younger observers whose
records are quoted, though with the care that has been taken to have
these verified, they should be few.

I trust, however, that with all its faults and errors, the work may prove
of some advantage to all who take an interest in our birds, and of some
service to my fellow students. If it assists the latter in their present
studies, and incites them to increased activity, the labor will not have
been in vain ; and I leave the matter here, with the hope that at some
day in the near future sufficient material may have been gathered from
which a more extended and satisfactory account of Canadian birds can
be produced.

The system of nomenclature and classification adopted is that pre-
pared by the Committee of the American Ornithologists' Union, and
published in the Code of Nomenclature and Check-List of North
American Birds, issued by the A. O. U. I have included the European

Preface. v

House Sparrow (Passer domestiats), which was omitted from the
A. O. V. Check-List, and have noted in tlie Appendix tlie additions and
the changes in nomenclature that have been made since the Check-List
was issued.

This being but a preliminary work, for the sake of brevity and sim-
plification the synonyms and other technicalities and details are omitted.

It but remains ftir me to express here the thanks I owe for MSS-
reports, and other friendly assistance in the preparation of this work, to
Mr. Ernkst E. Tho.mi'son; Mr. JoH^i Fannin; Thomas McIlwraith,
Esq.; J. Matthkw Jones, Esq.; Jamks M. LeMoine, Esq.; John
Neii.son, Esq.; Mr. Joseph M. Macoun; Mr. William E. Saunders;
William Brewster, Esq.; The Rev. Vincent Clementi; Dr. J. '.!.
Garnier; Prof. A. H. McKay ; Dr. G. A. McCalli'm; Mr. Jonathan
Dwight, Jr.; Mr. Francis Bain; Mr. James McKinlev ; Mr. W. W.
DuNLOP; Mr. Ernest D. Wintle; Mr. Napoleon A. Comeau; Mr.
Philip Cox, Jr.; Mr. John Brittain; Mr. George A. Boardman ; Mr.
Louis M. Todd; Mr. Howard H. McAdam; Mr. William L. Scott;
Mr.JoHN A.Morden; Mr. R. B. Scriven; Mr. D. Keutzing; Mr. James
W. Banks; The Rev. Duncan Anderson; Mr. John G. Ewart; Dr.
C. K. Clarke; Mr. William L. Kells; Mr. W. A. Schoenan; Mr.
William Yates: Mr. John B. Spurr ; Mr. George Sootheran, and
Mr. Charles Clarke.

M. CHAMBERLAIN.

St. John, N. B.,

December, i88j.

/

CATALOGUE.

CATALOGUE.

iCchmophorus occidentalis.

WESTERN GREIIE.

This, as its name denotes, is a bird of the west. It is found
in abundance on the coasts of British Columbia, and in Manitoba;
but east of the latter Province it occurs only as an accidental
straggler. The Ottawa Club report that two specimens have
been shot at the mouth of North Nation River, and Mr. Wm.
CowPER has purchased one in the Montreal market.

Colymbus holbcellii.

HOLBfEIX'S OREDE.

This species was formerly called the " Red-Necked Grebe."
It occurs throughout the Dominion, from the southern boundary
to the Fur Countries, but is rather rare, excepting in a few
localities. It is a common resident of British Columbia, and is
common during the breeding season in Northwestern Manitoba,
and is not uncommon at the mouth of the Bay of Fundy during
the migrations.

Colymbus auritus.

HORNED GREBE.

This is the "Spirit-Duck" or " Mell-Diver" of the country
sportsmen It is a common bird throughout the Dominion,
breeding from about latitude 45" northward to the higher Fur
Countries.

(1)

2 Catalogue of Canadian Birds.

Colymbus nigricollis californicus.

AMKRICAN EAKEU OBEUE.

This species is common from Manitoba to the Pacific coast,
breeding near all the deep pools of the plains, as well as on
the I'^argins of the larger lakes in the mountain districts. Dr.
Garnier reports having taken one at Lucknow, Ontario.

Podilymbus podiceps.

PIED.IIILLEU GREBE.

This is the "Dab-chick" of the older authors. It is found
throughout Canada, north to York Factory and Great Slave
Lake, breeding in all suitable localities.

Urinator imber.

LOON.

An abundant bird all over the Dominion, breeding from the
southern boundary northward. It winters as far south as the
Gulf of Mexico.

Urinator adamsii.

Y£LIiOW-IIIL.L.ED LOON.

A northern bird, that has not been taken south of the Goth
parallel, nor east of Hudson's Bay.

Urinator arcticus.

IILACK-TIIROATED LOON.

This bird is reported as being "not uncommon " along the
coast of British Columbia {/'anni'n), but to the eastward of that
Province it is of rare or casual occurrence. A few specimens
have been observed in Lake Superior, Lake Erie, and Lake
Misstassini, as well as in the Bay of Fundy; it is also sometimes
seen in the Hudson's Bay region, but Turner did not meet

Catalogue of Canadian Birds. 3

with it in the Ungava district, and Kumlien reports seeing a
few examples only in Cumberland Sound and Grinnell Bay.

Urinator paciHcus.

PACIFIC I.OON.

A few examples of this species have been taker in the Straits
of Fuca, B. C, and it has also been reported as occurring in Great
Slave Lake.

Urinator lumme.

red-throated loon.

This species, the " Red-Throated Diver " of the older authors,
occurs throughout the Dominion. It is a migrant only in the more
southern localities, but breeds from about the 45th parallel to the
Arctics.

Lunda cirrhata.

TUFTED PUFFIN.

This species occurs on the Pacific coast, from California to
Alaska, and a few stragglers are found in the Bay of Fundy
( lioardman.)

Fratercula arctica.

PUFFIN.

An abundant bird along the Atlantic coast, breeding from the
Bay of Fundy northward. A few examples have been taken in
Lake Superior.

• »

Fratercula arctica glacialis.

LARGE- IIILLEI) PUFFIN.

A norihern form of the common Puffin ; it occurs very rarely
south of Baffin's Bay, though Audubon reported finding one
specimen at Grand Manan, in the Bay of Fundy.

4 Catalogue of Canadian Birds.

Pratercula corniculata.

HORNED PUFFIN.

This species is quite common on the west coast of Vancouver
and among the Queen Charlotte Islands {Fanniti).

Cerorhinca monocerata.

RHINOCEROS AUKLET.

A winter visitor to the west coast of Vancouver Island.

Ptychoramplius aleuticus.

CASSIN'S AUKLET.

A common winter visitor to the west coast of Vancouver
Island.

Synthliboramphus wumizusume.

TEMMINCK'S MURRELET.

This species occurs occasionally, in winter, along the coast
of British Columbia.'

Brachyramphus marmoratus.

MARBLED MURRELET.

A very abundant resident of all the coast waters of British
Columbia, from Fraser River to Alaska.

Cepphtis grylle.

DLACK GUILLEMOT.

An abundant bird on the Atlantic coast, where it is com-
monly called the " Sea Pigeon " ; breeding from the Bay of
Fundy to Labrador. It has also been taken, occasionally, in
Lake Superior and Lake Erie, and at Hamilton.

Catalogue of Canadian Birds. 6

Cepphus Mandtii.

MAMDT'S GUILLEMOT.

An Arctic species, breeding as far soutli as Hudson's Bay
and Labrador.

Cepphus columba.

PIGEON GUILLEMOT.

An abundant resident of the entire coast line of British
Columbia, from Fraser River northward.

Uria troile.

MURRK.

This species was formerly called the " Common Guillemot."
It is abundant in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Labrador, and
occurs occasionally along the Atlantic const of Nova Scotia, and
in the Bay of Fundy. A few have been t i.ken in the Great Lakes.

Uria troile californica.

CALIFORNIA MURRE.

This variety occurs on the west coast of Vancouver and
among the Queen Charlotte Islands.

Uria lorn via.

URUNNICH'S MURRE.

Brewster reports this species breeding abundantly on the
Magdalene Islands ; Welch found it on the Newfoundland coast ;
and Turner reports it at Hudson's Straits. It is abundant in the
Bay of Fundy in winter, and Boardman thinks a few breed there.
It occasionally straggles as far west as Lake Ontario.

Pai.las's Murre {uria fomvia arm) occurs in the North Pacific,
but there is no record of any examples having been taken in Can.idian
waters.

6 Catalogue of Canadian Birds.

Alca torda.

KA/OK-ItlLLKD AVK.

This bird is called " Tinker " by the Gulf of St. Lawrence
Tishernicn, with whom it is familiar. It breeds abundantly on
some of the islands in the Gulf, as well as alon^ the Labrador
coast. It is common in the Bay of Fundy in winter, and a few
individuals may breed there. Several specimens have been taken
in Lake Superior.

Plautus impennis.

CREAT AUK.

This species is probably extinct. Portions of skeletons have
been found on the shores of the Bay of Fundy, and along the
coast of Labrador.

Alle alle.

DOVKKIE.

This is the " Sea Dove " of the older books. It breeds in
great abundance from Northern Labrador to the Arctic Ocean,
but south of Hudson's .Straits occurs only as a winter visitor.

Megalestris skua.

SKUA.

A North Atlantic species, very seldom seen south of Hud-
son's Straits.

Stercorarius pomarinus.

rOMARINE JAEGER.

•An Arctic bird. In winter it appears along the coast of Nova
Scotia, and in the Bay of Fundy, and has been taken in Lake
Ontario and Lake Erie.

Catalogue of Canadian Birds. 7

Stercorarius parasiticus.

PARAHITIC .IAEGEK.

This species was formerly called Richardson's Jaeger. It
summers in the Arctics, and during winter goes as far south as
Brazil and Chili, occurring as a regular visitant to the Bay of
F"undy in its migrations.

Stercorarius longicaudus.
long-tailkd jaeokr.

This species is quite common in the Bay of Fundy during
its migrations, though reported as " rare '" between that locality
and the Arctics. A few have been taken in Hudson's Bay.

Gavia alba.

IVORY GULL.

An Arctic species that has been seldom seen in the temperate
latitudes of Canada. A few examples have straggled, accidentally,
to the Bay of Fundy and to Lake Ontario.

Rissa tridactyla.

KITTIWAKE.

It is rather misleading to give the habitat of this species as
"Arctic regions," for, though Kumlien did find it abundant in
Cumberland Bay and at Disko, and Dr. Bell found it "especially
numerous at Cape Chudleigh," it has been found breeding in num-
bers on the islands of the Gulf of St. Lawrence by Verrill, Cory,
and Brewster, and Comeau reports its breeding near Point des
Monts ; while it is known to breed, also, along the Atlantic coast
of Nova Scotia and in the Bay of Fundy.

It has been taken during winter in the vicinity of Montreal,
and in the Great Lakes.

8 Catalogue of Canadian Birds.

Rissa tridactyla pollicaris.

PACIFIC KITTIWAKE.

This is the form of the Kittiwake that occurs on the west
coast of Vancouver Island {Famiin), and north to Bering's Sea.

Larus glaucus.

glaucous OU1.L.

The older authors called this bird the " Burgomaster." It is
an Arctic species, but a few examples are found in winter along
the Atlantic coast of the Maritime Provinces, and in the Great
Lakes. It is found, also, in winter, on the west coast of Van-
couver Island.

Larus leucopterus.

ICELAND GULL.

This was formerly known as the " White-winged " Gull. It
is an Arctic species, and is found, in winter only, along the
Atlantic coast of the Maritime Provinces, straying occasionally
to the Great Lakes.

Larus glaucescens.

glaucous-winged gull.

A Pacific species that occurs along the coast from "Alaska
south to California." Mr. Fannin has observed it only on the
north-west shore of Vancouver, but Dr. Dawson took it at Cul-
len Harbour, Queen Charlotte Sound ( Whiteaves).

Larus kumlieni.

KUMLIEN'S GULL.

A few examples of this lately described Gull have been taken
in the Bay of Fundy in winter. Kumlien found it breeding in
Cumberland Bay, where it is quite common.

Catalogue of Canadian Birds. 9

Larus marinus.

GREAT BLACK-ItACKKD OULI>.

The range of this species extends from Cumberland Bay to
Long Island (in winter). Not many years ago large numbers built
their nests on the islands at the mouth of the Bay of Fundy, but
now very few are found there at that season, and between the egg-
hunter and the skin-dealer must rest the blame for having driven
them to seek more remote and less accessible breeding grounds.
During the winter months a number are seen in the Bay of
Fundy, and a few are found during the coldest months in the
vicinity of Montreal, and in the Great Lakes.

Larus occidentalis.

WSSTERN GCLL.

A common bird on the coast of British Columbia.

Larus argentatus.

HEKRING GVLIi.

A straggler from Europe that is occasionally met with along
our North Atlantic coast.

Larus argentatus smithsonianus.

AMERICAN HERRING GULL.

The common gull of our harbours and lakes ; breeding in
abundance in suitable localities throughout the Dominion. In
winter it ranges as far south as Cuba, though at that season it
is common as far north as the 45th parallel.

Larus cachinnans.

FALI.AS'S QVIA..

Occurs on the west coast of Vancouver Island and northward .
B

10 Catalogue of Canadian Birds.

Larus californicus. .

CALIFORNIA GULL.

Occurs on the west coast of Vancouver Island and northward.

Larus delawarensis.

KINO-niLLEU GULL.

This species is abundant in the larger lakes of the interior,
especially the saline lakes of the Great Plains, but is rare along
the sea coasts.

Larus brachyrhynchus.

SIIOKT-ItlLLED GULL.

Occurs on the west coast of Vancouver Island and among
the Queen Charlotte Islands, and has been taken, also, in Hud-
son's Bay.

Larus canus.

MEW GULL.

A bird of the Eastern Hemisphere that has occasionally been
met with on the Labrador coast.

Larus heermanni.

heermann's gull.

A bird of the Pacific; occurs from the Strait of Georgia
northward.

Larus atricilla.

LAUGHING GULL.

A southern species, that i" found occasionally in the Bay of
Fundy. Dr. Morris Gibbs gives it as "very abundant" in his

Catalogue of Canadian Birds. 11

Birds of Michigan, though Mr. McIlwraith has no record of
its occurrence in Lake Ontario or Lake Erie. Dr. Hall con-
sidered it rare near Montreal, and only one specimen has been
rej)orted from Ottawa ; Dr. Bell reports it occurring in Hudson's
Bay.

Larus franklinii.

FRANKLIN'S GULL,.

This species is confined chiefly to the Lakes between Mani-
toba and the Rockies, breeding from Lake Winnipeg northward.
A few examples have wandered as far East as Lake Ontario.

Larus Philadelphia.

BONAPARTE'S OVLL.

An abundant bird throughout the entire Dominion, breeding
from about the 45th parallel northward.

Rhodostethia rosea.

ROSS'S GULL.

Occurs in the Arctic regions.

Xema sabinii.

SABINE'S GULL.

This species has, occasionally, been observed about the mouth
of the Bay of Fundy during the winter, though it seldom wanders
south of the Arctic circle. Kumlien saw two examples only
during his visit to Cumberland Bay, etc., and Turner met with
but one at Ungava ; one has been taken in Lake Erie ( Wheaton),
and one in Lake Michigan {Nelson). Dr.. Bell reports having
observed it at Port Burwell in September.

1^ - Catalogue of Canadian Birds.

Gelochelidon nilotica.

OULL-BILLEO T£RN.

Although said to be " nearly cosmopolitan," this is merely an
accidental visitant to the waters of Canada. One specimen was
taken in tlie Bay of Fundy, in August, 1879, and a few have been
captured in the Great Lakes.

Sterna tschegrava.

CASriAN TERN.

During the spring and fall migrations a few examples of this
species have been observed along the Atlantic coast and in the
Great Lakes.

Sterna maxima.
boyal teun.

A few examples of this species have been taken in the Great
Lakes.

Sterna sandvicensis acuflavida.

CABOT'S TERN.

Three examples of this species were seen near Lucknow,
Ontario, by Dr. Garnier, in the autumn of 1881, and one of
them was secured. Its usual habitat is the tropical portions of
America.

Sterna forsteri.

FOR8TER'S TERN.

This species breeds abundantly in the large lakes of Manitoba,
and a few breed regularly on the St. Clair Flats, Ontario. East-
ward of that locality it has been reported only at Lake Mistassini
{Macoun) and Prince Edward Island {Cory).

Catalogue of Canadian Birds. 13

Sterna hirundo.

COmMON TERN.

An abundant summer resident from Lake Manitoba to the
Atlantic, and from the Great Lakes to the Fur Countries. Win-
ters from Virginia south.

Sterna paradissea.

ARCTIC TERN.

Occurs throughout the entire Dominion, but is most abund-
ant on the Atlantic coast, and rather rare in the interior.

Sterna dougalli.

ROSEATE TERN.

A southern bird that sometimes wanders up to the Great
Lakes, and has been seen occasionally near the mouth of the Bay
of Fundy. One was taken near Halifax in 1868.

Sterna antillarum.

least tern.

A few examples of this species have been observed in Lake
Ontario, and along the Atlantic coast as far nci th as Labrador,
but these were merely accidental siragglers from the south.

Hydrochelidon nigra surinamensis.

IILACK TERN.

This species occurs regularly throughout the Dominion, from
Montreal to the Pacific coast, being most abundant in Western
Ontario and Manitoba. The only Atlantic coast record is of three
specimens taken at Grand Manan, in August, 1879 {Ruthvcn
Deane).

14 Catalogue of Canadian Birds.

Hydrochelidon leucoptera.

WHITK-WJNGED BLACK TEKN.

Professor Macoun reports having seen six examples of this
species in Swan River, about two degrees north of Winnipeg, on
September i, 1881. Ij;s usual habitat is the Eastern Hemisphere,
though it has been taken in Wisconsin (^Kumlien).

Rynchops nigra.

BLACK SKIMMER.

An accidental straggler to the Bay of Fundy from the south.

Diomedea nigripes.

BLACK-FOOTED ALBATROSS.

This species appears occasionally along the coast of British
Columbia.

Diomedea albatrus.

SHORT-TAILED ALBATROSS.

A few examples of this species have been observed along the
Pacific coast.

Thalassogeron culminatus.

YELLUW-NOSED ALBATROSS.

One example of this species was captured in the tlulf of St.
Lawi^ence, in September, 1885, and the skin is preserved in the
Museum of Laval University, Quebec.

Phcebetria fuliginosa.

BOOTY ALBATROSS^

This species occurs on the British Columbia coast {Fannin).

Catalogue of Canadian Birds. 16

Fulmarus glacialis.

FULMAR.

An Arctic species that occurs as far south as the Straits of
Belle Isle, and, accidentally, in the Bay of Fundy.

Fulmarus glacialis minor.

I.ES8ER FULMAR.

A North Atlantic variety.

Fulmarus glacialis glupischa.

PACIFIC FULMAR.

The western form of the common Fulmar. It occurs on the
west coast of Vancouver Island.

Puffinus major.

GREATER SHEARWATER.

This species is met with in summer on the Atlantic, from the
Bay of Fundy to Greenland.

Puffinus puffinus.

MANX SHEARWATER.

An accidental straggler to the Nova Scolia coast from the
eastern side of the Atlantic.

Puffinus stricklandi.

SOOTY SHEARWATER.

This is the " Black Hagdon " of the fisherman. Kummen
found it common from the Straits of Belle Isle to Cirinnell Bay,

1$ ' Catalogue of Canadian Birds.

and it is occasionally seen off the Nova Scotia coast as far south
as the mouth of the Bay of Fundy.

Procellaria pelagica.

STORMY PETBBX.

This is rarely seen very near to our shores, but Mr. Cory
found it quite common a short distance at sea off the Gulf of St.
Lawrence. It is occasionally observed off Labrador and Nova
Scotia, and one example has been taken at the mouth of the Bay
of Fundy. -

Oceanodroma furcata.

FORK-TAILED FETREX.

A Pacific bird, common off the west coast of Vancouver
Island.

Oceanodroma leucorhoa.

LEACH'S PETREL.

An abundant bird on both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts.

Oceanites oceanicus.

WILSON'S PETREL.

Occurs on the Atlantic coast, from the Bay of Fundy to
Northern Labrador.

Phaethon flavirostris.

TELLOW-niLLED TROPIC IMRD.

An example of this species, taken at Shubenacadie, N. S.,
September 6, 1870, is preserved in the Halifax Museum.

Catalogue of Canadian Birds. , 17

Phaethon aethereus.

RED-BII.I.ED TROPIC BIRD.

One example of this species lias been taken on the New-
foundland Banks.

Sula bassana. .

GANNET. '

This species is very abundant in the Gulf of St. Lawrence
and along the Atlantic coast of Labrador, and specimens are
seen occasionally in the Great Lakes. It winters in the Gulf of
Mexico.

Phalacrocorax carbo.

CORMORANT.

This species is rather rare along the more southern portions of
our Atlantic coast, but is not uncommon on the islands in the Gulf
of St. Lawrence, and on Mecattina Island, off Labrador. A few
specimens have been taken in Lake Ontario.

Phalacrocorax dilophus.

DOIJDLE-C RESTED CORMORANT.

An abundant bird in the Maritime Provinces and Labrador ;
also, a common summer resident in Manitoba. It occurs rather
sparingly, as a migrant, in the Great Lakes.

Phalacrocorax dilophus floridanus.

FLORIDA CORMORANT.

A few examples of this southern race have been taken in
Lake Erie.
C

18 . Catalogue of Canadian Birds.

Phalacrocorax dilophus cincinatus.

WHITK-CKESTED CORMORANT.

A rather common resident of the coast of British Columbia.

Phalacrocorax penicillatus.

BRANDT'S CORMORANT.

A rather common resident of the coast of British Columbia
(Fatinm).

Phalacrocorax pelagicus robustus.

VIOLET-GREEN CORMORANT.

This species occurs in abundance along the shores of Van-
couver Island {Fannhi). .

Phalacrocorax pelagicus resplendens,,

RAIRD'S CORMORANT.

Fairly common around Vancouver Island.

Pelecanus erythrorhynchos.

AMERICAN WHITE PELICAN.

An abundant summer resident of the Western Plains, and
north to about the Goth parallel.

It is very rare in British Columbia, occurring only between
the Cascade Mountains and the Rockies. Small flocks are seen
occasionally in the Great Lakes, and one specimen has been
taken in Nova Scotia and two in New Brunswick. It winters in
southern latitudes.

Catalogue of Canadian Birds. 19

Pelecanus californicus.

CALIFORNIA BROWN PELICAN.

A few examples have been observed along the coast of British
Columbia.

Fregata aquila.

A .

MAN-O'-WAR uird.

Two of these birds have been taken in Canadian waters —
one off Halifax, October i6, 1876, and one off Point des Monts,
P. O., by Mr. Comeau, August 13, 1884.

Merganser americanus.

AMERICAN MERGANSKR.

A common species throughout the Dominion, breeding from
about the 45th parallel to the Hudson's Bay region. Some winter
in New Brunswick and in Southern Ontario.

Merganser serrator.

REU-UREA8TED MERGANSER.

This is the "Shell-drake" of sportsmen, and is distributed
over the entire Dominion, though more abundant near the
Atlantic and Pacific coasts than in the interior. It breeds from
about the 45th parallel to the Arctics, but none winter in Canada.

Lophodytes cucullatus.

HOODED MERGANSER.

An abundant summer resident of Canada, breeding through-
out its range (which extends to the Fur Countries), excepting in
Southern Ontario, where it occurs as a migrant only.

20 Catalogue of Canadian Birds.

Anas boschas.

MALLARD.

This species breeds abundantly in British Columbia, and is
abundiuit eastward to the longitude of Hamilton, from which
point its numbers decrease, until — in the Maritime Provinces —
very few examples are met with. It goes as far north as Hudson's
Bay, and south, in winter, to Central America.

Anas obscura.

ULACK DUCK.

Abundant in the eastern half of Canada — especially in the
Maritime Provinces — but rare in Manitoba, and absent from the
Plains.

It breeds as far north as Central Labrador, and south to the
St. Clair Flats, Ontario.

Anas strepera.

GADWALL.

Mr. Thompson has reported this species as rare in Manitoba,
though Dr. Coues, when on the boundary survey, found it abun-
dant along the Red River Valley, and thence to the Rockies.
Prof. Macoun reports it as abundant in the Lakes of Assiniboia
and Saskatchewan, and Mr. Fannin considers it fairly abundant
in British Columbia ; while from Manitoba to the Atlantic it is
very seldom met with.

It has been taken in Slave Lake and Hudson's Bay.

Anas penelope.

WIDGEON.

A straggler from the Eastern Hemisphere, occasionally found
along the Atlantic coast.

Catalogue of Canadian Birds. 21

Anas americana.

BALDPATE.

This is the species that is usually called " Widgeon " by
sportsmen. It is abundant on the Pacific slope, and eastward to
the Ottawa Valley, from which point to the Atlantic it is rather
uncommon, and is considered a rare bird by many observers in
New Brunswick and Nova Scotia.

Anas crecca.

eukopean teal.

One example of this species was taken near Halifax, by
Dr. Gilpin, on September i, 1854, and Dr. Coues took one in
Labrador.

Anas carolinensis.

GREEN- WINGED TEAL.

Common throughout most of the Dominion, though uncom-
mon in the Maritime Provinces, and abundant in British Columbia.
It breeds from about latitude 50° to the Fur Countries, and win-
ters in Central America.

Anas discors.

BLUE-WINGED TEAL.

An abundant species along the southern portions of the
Dominion from the Atlantic to the Pacific, ranging as far north as
Great Slave Lake in the west ; but along the Atlantic sea-board is
rarely seen north of the St. Lawrence. It winters in Central
America.

Anas cyanoptera.

CINNAMON TEAL.

A rare summer resident of British Columbia ; reported by
Thompson, on the authority of Mr. R. H. Hunter, as occurring
occasionally in Manitoba. Winters in South America.

22 Catalogue of Canadian Birds.

Spatula clypeata.

SHOVKLLEK.

This species is very abundant on the Plains, from Manitoba
to the Rockies, but on the Pacific slope it is rare ; on the Atlantic
border it is common in a few localities, but generally rather un-
common. It breeds from our southern boundary to the Fur
Countries, and winters in the Southern States,

Dafila acuta.

r INT AIL.

A rather rare bird along both ocean borders, but common in
the interior, and abundant on the Plains ; breeds from about the
45th parallel to the Lower Fur Countries. Winters in Cuba and
Central America.

Aix sponsa.

AVOOU DUCK.

Occurs throughout the Dominion, though rare on the Plains
and north of latitude 50"^ ; probably not found beyond the 60th
parallel.

Netta rufina.

KUFOUS-CKE.STKD DUCK.

A bird of the Eastern Hemisphere that occurs accidentally
along the Atlantic coa'st.

Aythya americana.

REDBKAD.

Occurs throughout the Dominion, being least common in the
Maritime Provinces, and abundant from Montreal to Western
Manitoba. On the Atlantic coast it is not found north of the
St. Lawrence, «but in the west it ranges as far north as the Fur
Countries. A few breed in Southern Ontario.

Catalogue of Canadian Birds. 23

Aythya vallisneria.

CANVAS-BACK.

Occurs throughout the Dominion, but is merely occasional in
the Maritime Provinces, while a common bird in Lake Manitoba
and the western portion of the Great Lakes. In the west it
ranges to Great Slave Lake and Alaska.

Aythya marila nearctica.

amekican scaup duck.

This species is fairly common throughout the Dominion,
breeding from about latitude 50° northward, though a few pairs
arc said to nest on the St. Clair Flats, Ontario, in latitude 43*^.

Aythya afifinis.

LESSER SCAUP DUCK.

This species, which is better known to Canadian gunners as
the " Little Black-head," occurs throughout the Dominion, and is
abundant everywhere excepting in the Maritime Provinces, where
it is only " uncommon." It is not reported from Labrador, but
Dr. Bell found it "breeding in large numbers" on Nottingham
Island, in Hudson's Bay. It winters in the West Indies.

Aythya collaris.

r>ING-N£CKED DUCK.

According to Mr. Thompson's list of Manitoba birds, this
species is abundant in the Red River Valley, and Mr. Fannin
reports it abundant in British Columbia, but elsewhere in Canada
it appears to be of rather rare and irregular occurrence. It has
been taken as far north as Fort Simpson, and winters in the West
Indies.

24 Catalogue of Canadian Birds.

Glaucionetta clangula americana.

AMERICAN GOLDEN-EYE.

The " Whistler " of Canadian sportsmen. It is common
everywhere throughout the Dominion, breeding, generally, in
the far north. Mr. Joseph Macoun observed it passing Lake
Misstassini on May 3. It winters south to Cuba.

Glaucionetta islandica.

UARROAV'S GOLDEN-EYE.

This species usually breeds in the far north, though Dr.
CouES found a brood of young, in August, in the Rocky Moun-
tains, near the 49th parallel, and it is said to remain during the
summer near Point des Monts, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. A
nest with eggs was taken by Mr. C. C. Beattie at Missisquoi,
Lake Champlain ; and the male, which was shot near the nest,
was identified by Mr. William Couper, of Montreal.

The species is rarely seen in the Great Lakes, and is un-
common in British Columbia and Manitoba, as well as in the
Atlantic Provinces.. In the latter it occurs as a winter visitor only.

Charitonetta albeola.

buffle-head.

A common bird throughout Canada — especially in the west,
where it is sometimes very abundant. It breeds over its entire
range in this country, though somewhat sparingly in the more
southern portions.

Clangula hyemalis.

old-squaw.

An abundant bird from the Atlantic to the Pacific ; breeding
in the far north, and wintering in the Southern States.

Catalogue OF Canadian Birds. 99

Histrionicus histrionicus.

HARLEQUIN DUCK.

• According to Mr. Fannin this bird is abundant in British
Columbia, and Dr. CoUES reports it breeding in the Rocky
Mountains, near the United States boundary. Between the
Rockies and Montreal it occurs accidentally, the only records
being of three examples taken by Mr. Loane, near Toronto
( Thompso)i), and a few observed near Montreal. On the At-
lantic coast it is not common, and occurs usually as a migrant,
a few wintering in the Bay of Fundy.

Camptolaimus labradorius.

LAUBADOR DUCK.

Mr. BoARDMAN reports that this species was quite common
in the Bay of Fundy in 1845, ^^'^ 't has since become very rare,
and, possibly, may be extinct. A female taken at Grand Manan
in 1 87 1 is the last recorded capture, though one is said to have
been taken off Nova Scotia a few years later.

Eniconetta stelleri.

STELLER'S DUCK.

KuMLiEN reports having seen a few of this species in Cum-
berland bay, and of shooting one at Disko.

Somateria mollissima. ,

EIDER.

An abundant bird along the Atlantic sea-board, from Hud-
son's Strait northward, and occasionally found, in winter, at the
mouth of the Bay of Fundy.

D

20 Catalogue of Canadian Birds.

Somateria dresseri. •

AMERICAN EIDER.

A. common bird along our sea-board, from the Bay of Funtiy
to Labrador, where it breeds. It is generally reported as rare in
the Great Lakes, though the Rev. Vincent Clementi considers
it fairly common near Peterborough, Ontario.

Somateria v-nigra.

PACIFIC EIDER.

This species is found along the northern coast of British
Columbia, and in Dease Lake and Great Slave Lake.

Somateria spectabilis.

KINO EIDER.

According to Mr. Boar dm an this species formerly bred on
Grand Manan, and Mr. Comeau and Mr. Couper have found it
breeding along the north shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence ;" but
it usually goes farther north to nest, occurring, as a winter visitor
only, south of Labrador. During the winter it also occurs, occa-
sionally, in the Great Lakes ; several flocks were seen near
Buffalo and Niagara in 1879.

Oidemia americana.

AMERICAN SCOTER.

A common bird everywhere, excepting on the Western
Plains ; going to the far north to breed, and wintering from the
United States border southward.

Catalogue of Canadian Birds. $$'

Oidemia deglandi.

WHITE- WINGED SCOTER.

The " Wl.ite-winged Coot" of our gunners. A common
bird throughout the entire Dominion, breeding from about lati-
tude 50° northward to the Arctics. Winters in the Middle States
and Southern California.

Oidemia perspicillata.

SURF SCOTER. •

This species is common during the migrations on both sea
coasts, but is rarely seen in the interior, though it breeds in Great
Slave Lake and in Hudson's Bay, where Dr. Bell found it in
" immense numbers." On the Atlantic coast it breeds from the
north shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence to Northern Labrador.
It winters in the Southern States and Lower California. .

Erismatura rubida.

RVDDT DUCK.

This species is more abundant in the interior than on either
sea-board. It occurs only as a migrant in the Maritime Provinces,
but spends the summer in Manitoba, and Dr. Coues found it
nesting at Turtle Mountain, near latitude 49°. In winter it goes
to Cuba and northern South America.

Chen hyperborea.

LESSER SNOW GOOSE.

An abundant bird on the mainland of British Columbia, but
uncommon on Vancouver Island. It has been found in Illinois ;
Dr. Bell records one taken at Fort Churchill ; and Mr. Board-
man has a specimen taken in the Bay of Fundy. It breeds
in Alaska, and winters in Southern California,

28 Catalogue of Canadian Birds.

Chen hyperborea nivalis.

GREATER SNOW GOOSE.

This species is more abundant on the Plains than nearer
the Atlantic coast, comparatively few having been found east
of Manitoba, while on the sea-board it is extremely rare. It
breeds far north, and winters along the coast of the South
Atlantic States.

Chen rossii.

ROSS'S SNOW GOOSE.

A rather common species in British Columbia, though more
abundant in the interior than on the coast. It has been taken in
Great Slave Lake and at Fort Churchill, and winters in Southern
California.

Anser albifrons gambeli.

AMERICAN WHITE-FRONTED GOOSE.

This species appears to be met with more frequently in
British Columbia and in the vicinity of the Great Lakes than
elsewhere in the Dominion. One pair taken at Turtle Mountain,
in 1882, is the only record for that district, and Uunlap and
Winti.e's report of its accidental occurrence near Montreal is the
only eastern record, excepting Kumi.ien's report of finding it in
Cumberland Bay and in Greenland. It winters in Mexico and
Cuba.

Branta canadensis.

CANADA GOOSE. *

The " Wild Goose " occurs througliout the entire Dominion,
but is more abundant between the Rockies and the Atlantic than
on the Pacific slope. It breeds from about the 50th parallel
northward, and in winter goes south to Mexico.

Catalogue of Canadian Birds. 29

Branta canadensis hutchinsii.

HUTCHINS'S GOOSE.

A north-western form. It breeds in the Arctic regions, and
goes south in winter. It is rather common in British Columbia,
and occurs casually in the Great Lakes, and in Hudson's Bay,
and was taken by Kennicott in Red River. Kumlien reports
taking one in Cumberland Bay. . .

Branta canadensis occidentalis.

WHITE-CUEEKED GOOSE.

Occurs along the sea-coast of British Columbia, but is not a
common bird. It winters in California.

Branta canadensis minima.

CACKLING GOOSE.

This species must pass through Canadian territory on its
migrations from Alaska to the Western States, but there is, as
yet, no record of its capture within the Canadian boundaries.

Branta bernicla.

IlKANT.

A very abundant migrant along the Atlantic coast, but neither
CouPER nor Neilson have seen it near Quebec, and it is but
rarely met with at Montreal, or through the Great Lakes, though
Giiuis gives it as "common" in Michigan. Its name appears in
Thompson's catalogue of Western Manitoba, and in Dr. CouEs's
list of species observed in Northern Dakota and Montana. It
probably breeds in the interior of Labrador and in the large lakes
near Cumberland Bay.

30 Catalogue of Canadian Birds.

Branta nigricans.

BLACK BRANT.

Very abundant along the coast of British Columbia during
the migrations. . , .

Branta leucopsis.

BARNACLE GOOSE.

A few examples have been taken in the Hudson's Bay district,
but it is an accidental straggler there from the Eastern Hemisphere.

Olor columbianus. '

WHISTLING SWAN.

This species is more or less common from the Pacific coast
to Western Ontario, but from the St. Clair Flats eastward it is
only casual. LuciEN Turner gives it as occasional in Labrador ;
Francis Bain reports one taken in Prince Ed\yard Island in
1885 ; and one was taken in New Brunswick in 1882. The Indians
of the latter Province are familiar with the appearance of the
Swan — having a name for it — and say they find it occasionally
in the wake of flocks of Geese.

Olor buccinator.

TRUMPETER SWAN.

This Swan is rather common in British Columbia, but east-
ward of that Province it is rare or casual.

Mr. Thompson reports that there is no record of its occur-
rence in Manitoba, but Dr. CouES gives it as occasional in the
Red River Valley. Rev. Mr. Hincks, of Toronto, calls it "our
commonest species " ; Mr. Stockwell, in Forest and Stream,
reports it as " occasional " in the St. Clair Flats, and Mr. McIl-
WRAITH .states that a few of this species have been taken in
Ontario. Dr. Wheaton gives it as " a rare winter visitor "

Catalogue of Canadian Birds. M

to Ohio. Dr. Robert Bell reports its occurrence at several
points in Hudson's Bay, and says it breeds on the Islands in the
Bay.

It breeds from the Yellow-Stone Park to the Fur Countries,

Plegadis autumnalis.

GLOSSY IBIS.

An accidental straggler. Dr. Brewer mentions that Mr.
Frank L. Tileston saw several birds, " undoubtedly of this
species," on Prince Edward Island in 1878; Mr. McIlwraith
reports that Mr. John Bates took two near Hamilton in 1857 ;
and Mr. Fannin has taken one at Salt Springs Island, off British
Columbia. ^

Botaurus lentiginosus.

AMERICAN BITTERN.

A common summer resident throughout Canada to about the
Goth parallel. • ,

Botaurus exilis.

least bittern.

This is said to be a common bird on the Western Plains,
though Thompson reports that only one example is known to
have been seen in Manitoba. It is quite common in Southern
Ontario, but east of that locality is merely accidental. A few
have been taken along the New Brunswick shore of the Bay of
Fundy.

Ardea herodias.

great blue heron.

A common summer resident of the southern portions of
Canada, being especially abundant in British Columbia. Near
the Atlantic it is seldom seen north of latitude 48°, thoi'gh com-
mon near latitude 45°.

32 Catalogue of Canadian Birds.

Ardea egretta.

AMERICAN EGBET.

Mr. Saunders considers that this is a regular, though rare,
visitor to Southern Ontario; elsewhere in Canada it is merely
accidental. Mr. Scott reports that two specimens were shot in
the Upper Ottawa, in latitude 47*^ 50' ; Mr. Herrchfelder
secured another in Lake Nippissing; Mr. Comeau has seen one
at Point des Monts ; Mr. Jones records one taken at Halifax,
and three have been captured in New Brunswick.

Ardea candidissima.

SNOWY HERON.

An accidental straggler from the south. Mr. Jones reports
that one specimen has b?en taken at Windsor, N. S. ; Mr. Board-
man has two that were captured near the mouth of the Bay of
Fundy; Mr. Fannin has taken one at Burrard Inlet, and another
in the Fraser River, and Mr. McIlwraith, on the authority of
Dr. Garnier, reports the capture of one at Mitchell's Bay.

This last note is inserted in The Birds of Ontario under the head-
ing oi A. egretta, but, as Dr. Garnier is quoted as naming the specimen
^^Garzetta camiidissima — Little White Heron," it is obvious tliat it
should be referred to the present species. Mr. McIlwraith reports
that the error was made by the printer.

Ardea ccerulea.

LITTLE BLUE HERON.

Mr. J. Matthew Jones reports that one example of this
species was taken at Cole Harbour, near Halifax, during the sum-
mer of 1884.

Catalogue of Canadian Birds. $1

Ardea virescens.

GREEN HERON.

This species occurs regularly in the Eastern Provinces,
though it is usually rather rare, but occasionally it has been fairly
common in Southern Ontairo, and on the shores of the Bay of
Fundy. Prof. Macoun reports finding it in the Assiniboine
River.

Nycticorax nycticorax nsevius.

BI.A0K-CROWNED NIGHT HERON.

This species is rather common in many localities throughout
the southern portions of Canada, between the Atlantic and West-
ern Manitoba. On the Atlantic coast it has not been taken north
of Gaspe, though Mr. Joseph Macoun found one specimen at
Lake Misstassini. Mr. Scriven reports it common in the Mus-
koka District.

Grus americana.

WHOOPING CRANE.

A common bird on the Western Plains. Mr. William
Loane reports having seen one near Toronto ( 7'hotnpson).

Grus canadensis.

MTTLE BROWN CRANE.

A western species, breeding in the Fur Countries, and winter-
ing in the Western United States.

Grus mexicana.

SANDHILI. CRANE.

This species is abundant on the Plains, and is common in
British Columbia. A few examples have been taken in Ontario,
and in the Hudson's Bay district.
E

1$ Catalogue of Canadian Birds.

Rallus elegans. . • :

KING RAIL..

Both in the Saunders-Morden list and in Mr. McIl-
WRAITh's Birds of Ontario this species is given as common on
the St. Clair Flats ; Mr. Clementi reports it fairly common near
Peterborough ; and in the Dunlap-Wintle list of Montreal
species it is given as " tolerably common."

I have examined in the flesh one specimen that was shot near
St. John, N. B., in June, 1887. • -.

Rallus virginianus. •

VIRGINIA RAIL.

Occurs throughout the Dominion. It is rare in British
Columbia, and seldom seen north of latitude 50°, though Dr.
Bell reports its occurrence at York Factory, and Turner took
one at Hamilton Inlet, Labrador.

Porzana Carolina.

SORA.

The "Carolina Rail " is well known to all sportsmen between
the Atlantic and Western Manitoba. It ranges as far north as the
Hudson's Bay district, and south to northern South America.

Porzana noveboracensis.

YELLOW RAIL. '

This species occurs occasionally throughout the Eastern
Provinces, but is not common anywhere. It has been taken in
the Hudson's Bay district, and Thompson reports having ex-
amined one specimen taken in Manitoba.

The Corn Ckake {crcx mw), a European species, is said to occur
in Eastern North America, but I have seen no record of its having been
observed in Canadian territory.

Catalogue of Canadian Birds. gS

lonornis martinica.

PURPLE GALLINULK.

The claim of this species to be named in the Canadian fauna
rests on the capture of one example near Halifax, N. S., and an-
other near St. John, N. B.

Gallinula galeata.

FLORIDA GALUNULE.

This species is common in Southern Ontario, and occurs
regularly at Ottawa {Scott) and Montreal {Dunlap and Wintle),
'but it is merely accidental in the Maritime Provinces.

Fulica americana.

AMERICAN COOT.

A common bird throughout the Dominion to about the 5olh
parallel, going farther north in the west than on the Atlantic sea-
board.

Crymophilus fulicarius.

BED PHALAROPE.

A common bird along the Atlantic, breeding north of Labra-
dor, and migrating south in winter, Mr. Boakdman thinks a few
breed in the Bay of F'undy. It has been occasionally seen in
the Great Lakes ; Dr. Garnier reports shooting one from a flock
of six at Mitchell's Bay, and Mr. Brooks captured one near
Hamilton.

Phalaropus lobatus. *

NORTHERN PHALAROPE.

This species is common along both sea coasts. On the
Atlantic it has not been found breeding south of Ungava Bay,

36 Catalogue of Canadian Birds.

but Mr. Fannin reports its occurrence during the breeding
season at Burrard Inlet, near the southern border of British
Columbia. It occurs sparingly on the Plains during the migra-
tions, and also appears occasionally in the Great Lakes.

Phalaropus tricolor.

WILSON'S PHALARorx:. ■ '

A common bird on the Western Plains, breeding along our
southern border — from Manitoba to the Rockies, and north to
the Saskatchewan. Wheaton gives it as a not uncommon spring
and fall migrant through Ohio, but the observers in Ontario con-
sider it merely accidental in that Province. -

Recurvirostra americana.

AMERICAN AVOCET.

This species is very abundant in all the saline regions of the
Western Plains, and has been taken as far north as Great Slave
Lake. McIlwraith mentions that three examples have been
taken in Ontario, and a few have been taken in New Brunswick.

Himantopus mexicanus.

BLACK-NECKED STILT.

Dr. Wheaton reports that this species has been repeatedly
taken in Lake Erie, but it is not given in any Ontario list,
though Thompson reports that he has heard of it being taken
near Toronto* Dr. Gibbs gives it as rare in Michigan. A few
specimens have been taken in New Brunswick. It is a southern
and western bird, going, in winter, as far south as Brazil and
Peru.

Catalogue of Canadian Birds. 8f

Scolopax rusticola.

EUROPEAN WOODCOCK.

An example of this species was taken at Chambly, P. Q., on
March ii, 1882. It was identified by Mr. Brock Willet and
Mr. CouPER.

Philohela minor.

AMERICAN WOODCOCK.

Common in the Maritime Provinces and west to Lake Huron.
Thompson gives it as rare in Manitoba, though Dr. Bell reports
finding it not uncommon along the Red River Valley. It does
not range far northward; Scriven reports it rare at Gravcnhurst,
and Dr. Bell's report of finding one specimen at York Factory,
and Mr. William Brewster's report of one at Gaspe, are the
most northern records, though Turner heard that several had
been killed in Eastern Labrador.

The European Snipe {_sraNtnago ffal/itiaffo), has been taken in
Greenland and in Bermuda, but there is no record of its occurrence
within the boundaries of Canada.

Gallinago delicata.

WILSON'S SNIPE.

An abundant bird from the Atlantic to the Pacific, though of
rather irregular distribution. It breeds from our southern border
northward to Labrador and the Hudson's Bay district.

Macrorhamphus griseus.

DOWITCHER.

This species is reported by Macoun as abundant on the
Western Plains, though Thompson gives it as a rare migrant,

8§ Catalogue of Canadian Birds.

through Manitoba. (Dr. CouKs concludes, from his observations,
that some may breed in the vicinity of latitude 49°). It is com-
mon on the Atlantic coast during the autumn, and rare along the
Great Lakes in spring and autumn.

Macrorhamphus scolopaceus.

LOXG-niLLED I>OWITCIIER.

An abundant bird in British Columbia, and said to occur on
the Plains and along the Atlantic coast, but I can find no record
of any being taken in Canada east of the Rockies.

Micropalama himantopus.

STILT SANDPIPJER.

This is a rare bird everywhere, and the records of its occur-
rence in Canada are but few.

Dr. CouES took some half-dozen specimens near the Rockies
in the vicinity of the 49th parallel ; Prof. Macoun secured one
near the Qu'Appelle River; a few have been taken in the Mus-
koka district (Scrivcn) ; two near Toronto ( Thompson) ; and three
were obtained by Mr. V. W. Daniel near St. John, N. B. Dr.
GiBRS reports that two were taken in Lake Michigan, and Dr.
Wheaton tells of a few being taken in Lake Ene.

It is said to range north to the Fur Countries.

Tringa canutus.

KNOT.

This bird is sometimes called " Robin Snipe " by sportsmen.
It occurs throughout Canada, being most numerous on the Prairies
and in British Columbia ; breeding in the Arctic regions to lati-
tude 81°. It winters in South America.

Catalogue of Canadian Birds. 89

Tringa maritima.

PURPLE SAN DPI PER.

An abundant species along the Atlantic and Pacific coasts,
but rare in the interior. The only records for Ontario are five
specimens taken near Hamilton {McIhvraHh), one at Toronto
( TJwmpson), and one at Ottawa ( White). It is accidental, also,
along the St. Lawrence to Quebec, and has not been met with by
any observer on the Great Plains. In the Maritime Provinces it
is a winter resident.

Tringa maculata.

PECTORAL, sandpiper. *

This species is commonly called "Jack Snipe" by our gun-
ners. It occurs throughout Canada, migrating to its breeding
ground in the Arctics by the Mississippi Valley route and along
the Pacific coast, and in autumn appearing in large flocks along
the Atlantic. In the Great Lakes it is common in spring and
autumn. It winters in South America.

Tringa fuscicollis.

WHITE-RUMPED SANDPIPER.

Common in Manitoba in the spring, and common along the
Atlantic coast in autumn. It is only occasionally seen in the
Great Lakes. Breeds m high latitudes, and winters in South
America.

Tringa bairdii.

UAIRD'S SANDPIPER.

An abundant migrant on the Plains, from Manitoba to the
Rockies. Dr. Wheaton reports that several have been taken
in Lake Erie in spring and fall, and Mr. McIlwraith mentions
two examples in his Birds of Ontario.

40 Catalogue of Canadian Birds.

Tringa minutilla.

LEAST SANDPIFER.

Occurs throughout Canada, but is most abundant along the
Atlantic border, where it appears in autumn in large flocks, and
where it is occasionally seen in spring. It breeds from Labrador
to the Arctic Ocean, and winters in South America.

Tringa alpina.

DUNLIN.

An accidental straggler from the old world. It has been
taken in the Hudson's Bay district by Captain Blakiston, and
British Columbia by Mr. Elliott and Mr, Brown.

Tringa alpina pacifica.

RED-nACK£D SANDPIFER.

This is the western form of the Dunlin. It is usually rare
on the Atlantic border, though common between Montreal and
the Western Plains, and abundant along the Pacific coast. It
breeds in the far north.

Tringa ferruginea.

CURLEW SANDPIPER.

The usual habitat of this species is in the Eastern Hemi-
sphere, though KuMLiEN found it not uncommon in Northern
Greenland. Boardman has three specimens taken in the Bay of
Fundy ; Downs has one which he procured in the Halifax market,
and one is in the rooms of the Gun Club, Toronto, that was taken
in Southern Ontario.

Catalogue of Canadian Birds. M

Ereunetes pusillus.

SEMIl'ALMATED SANDPIPfiil.

A common spring and autumn migrant between Lake Ontario
and the Rockies, and very abundant on the borders of the Atlantic
in autumn. It breeds in the far north, and winters in the West
Indies and South America.

Ereunetes occidentalis.

WESTERN SANDPIPER.

A fairly common bird in British Columbia, from the Rockies
to the Pacific, breeding in high latitudes. '

Calidris arenaria.

SANDERLINO.

A common bird throughout Canada, breeding from about
latitude 55° to latitude 32". Goes south in winter to Chili and
Patagonia.

Limosa fedoa.

MARBLED CJODWIT.

Occurs from the Atlantic to the Pacific, but most abundant
on the Western Plains, and rare along tlie Atlantic border.
Breeds from about latitude 50° northward, and winters in Central
America.

Limosa lapponica baueri.

PACIFIC OOI>WlT.

Mr. Fannin reports that this is a common winter visitor
along the lower Fraser River, B. C.
F

42 Catalogue of Canadian Birds.

Limosa haemastica.

IIUDSONIAN GODWIT.

Occurs from the Atlantic to the Rockies, and north to the
Fur Countries ; most common along the Atlantic border, and
rarer,t on the Plains.

Totanus melanoleucus.

GRiSATER YELLOW-LKGS.

Occurs throughout the entire Dominion to sub-Arctic regions.
Audubon found it breeding in Labrador, and Brewster thinks
it breeds on Anticosti, where he found it very abundant. Mr.
Hind thinks it breeds in the northern lakes of Manitoba. It
winters south to Chili and Buenos Ayres.

Totanus flavipes.

YELLOW-LEGS.

Occurs throughout the entire Dominion to sub-Arctic regions,
though rare on the Atlantic coast in the spring. Winters from
West Indies to southern South America.

Totanus solitarius.

solitary SANDPU'ER.

Occurs as a summer resident throughout Canada, north to
the Fur Countries ; south in winter to the tropics.

Totanus ochropus.

GREEN SAMiriPEir.

An accidental straggler from the Old World that has been
taken in Nova Scotia.

Catalogue of Canadian Birds. 0

Symphemia semipalmata.

WILLKT.

A common summer resident of the plains west of Manitoba,
but rare in the latter Province ; b rare niij^rant in the vicinity of
the Great Lakes ; and, usually, a common autumn visitor to the
Maritime Provinces. Dr. Bryant received a set of eggs from
Mr. Downs that were said to have been taken near Yarmouth,
N. S.

Heteractitis incanus.

WAMDKUING TATLEU.

Mr. Fannin has taken this species both cast and west of the
Cascade Mountains in British Columbia.

Pavoncella pugnax.

RUFF. , •

An accidental straggler from the Old World. One or two
specimens have been taken on the Bay of Fundy shores, and one
was cajitured near Toronto.

Bartramia longicauda.

HAKTRAMIAN SANDPII'KR.

This species was formerly called the " Field Plover." Along
the Atlantic border it occurs north to the Gulf of St. Lawrence,
and on the Pacific it ranges to Alaska. It is most abundant in
the Prairie region, and rarest along the Great Lakes. It winters
ill the tropics.

44 Catalogue of Canadian Birds.

Tryngites subruficollis.

IIUFF-BKEASTED SANDriPEK.

Mr. Fannin reports that this species is abundant, in winter,
at tlie mouth of the Fraser River, B. C, and Mr. Thompson
gives it as a very rare fall migrant in Manitoba. The more
eastern records are : several seen near Hamilton in autumn
{Mcliwraitfi) ; a pair breeding near Dunnville, Ont., in 1879
{McCallum) ; a male captured near Ottawa, August 24, 1886
{G. R. IVhite) ; rare near Montreal {Hall); several taken near
Montreal, in May, 1884 and 1S85 {Kciiizing) ; one taken by
CoMEAU near Point des Monts {Mcrriavi) ; one taken on Prince
Edward Island {lllcslon) ; one taken at Port Burwell, Hudson's
Bay {Bell), and one taken in Labrador {Coucs). It has been
found breeding along the Anderson River, and the Yukon ; and
winters in South America.

Actitis macularia.

SPOTTED SANDPIPER.

A common bird from the Atlantic to the Pacific, breeding
along our southern border and northward. Turner found it at
Fort Chimo, Labrador, and Dr. Bele reports it occurring in the
Hudson's Bay district.

Numenius longirostris.

LONU-IIILLED CUKI.EW.

This species occurs in the eastern jjortioiis of Canada as an
uncommon autumn migrant, but it is fairly common in British
Columbia, where it is found during the entire summ^^r. Dr.
CouES reports it breeding near Pembina in moderate num-
bers. McIiAVUAiTii gives it as an occasional migrant in Ontario,
though THt)MrsoN reports that, while it is rare near Toronto in
the autumn, it passes that locality during the spring migrations in

Catalogue of Canadian Birds. #

very large flocks, and Saunders is of the opinion that it occurs
in Ontario regularly and in considerable numbers. There is no
record of its occurrence on the Atlantic coast north of the Baie
de Chaleur, where it appears in autumn only.

Numenius hudsonicus.

HUDSONIAN CURLEW.

An abundant bird, in the migrations, on the Atlantic coast up
to Anticosti, but rare on the north side of the St. Lawrence river.
It is a rare migrant along the Great Lakes, and occurs occasion-
ally at Ottawa and Montreal. Dr. Bell found it abundant at
Fort Churchill, and it has been reported from the Slave Lake
region. It winters far south.

Numenius borealis.

ESKIMO CURLEW.

This species is common along the Atlantic coast during the
migrations, and is fairly common some seasons at Ooebcc and
Montreal. McIlwraith reports that only one has been taken
in Ontario ; Thompson maintains that two have been seen near
Toronto, and Dr. Wheaton has put it down as a regular migrant
along Lake Erie. Dr. Bell reports finding it abundant at Fort
Churchill in July and August, and Kumlien, when at Cumber-
land Ray, saw several flocks going north in June. It migrates-
in winter to the southern extremity of South America.

Charadrius squatarola.

IkLACK-IIELLIEU TLOVKR.

A common species throughout the entire Dominion, occur-
ring chiefly as a spring migrant on the Prairies, and as an

4S Catalogue OF Canadian Birds.

autumn migrant along the Athuilic coast. It breeds in the far
north, and winters in the West Indies and South America.

Charadrius dominicus.

AMERICAN GOLDEN PLOVEU.

Occurs throughout the entire Dominion, but is more abund-
ant on the Plains than along the ocean borders. Some observers
in Ontario think it rare or absent, but others think it common,
and this latter opinion is confirmed by Dr. Whe axon's experi-
ence in Ohio. It ranges fi-om the Arctics to Patagonia.

iEgialitis vocifera.

KILLDEEIt.

This species is rather rare on both sea coasts, but is common
along the Great Lakes, and abundant on the Prairies. It breeds
in the temperate regions, and winters in South America.

./Sgialitis semipalmata.

SEMirAL.MATEI> PLOVER.

Occurs throughout the Dominion, but is most abundant
along the Atlantic coast. It breeds in the Pur Countries and
northward, and winters in the tro]iics.

i^gialitis hiaticula.

RING PLOVER.

A bird of the Old World that Kumi.ien found breeding in
Cumberland Bay.

Catalogue of Canadian Birds. 4f

iEgialitis dubia.

LITTLE RING PLOVER.

Mr. Fannin reports taking this species on Vancouver Island.

iEgialitis meloda.

ririNG I'LOVEK.

This species is reported as breeding abundantly on the
Magdalene Islai ds by Mr. Cory, and Prof. McKay has found it
breeding near Pictou, N. S. ; it is .said to breed, also, on the
islands in the Bay of Fundy, though it is seen in that vicinity
but occasionally. McIlwraith has met with it in Ontario on
two occasions only, though Thompson considers it a common
migrant near Toronto, and Saunders found it breeding at Point
Pelee. It has been seen along the shores of Lake Manitoba and
Lake Winnipeg. Winters in the West Indies.

iEgialitis nivosa.

SNOWY PLOVER.

Mr. Fannin has taken this species at the mouth of the
Fraser River in winter; and Mr. Thompson reports that one
Specimen was shot by Mr. I. Forman, near Toronto, in May, 1880.

iEgialitis wilsonia.

WILSON'S PLOVER.

Col. Goss reports shooting one of these birds at Brier Island,
N. S., on April 28, 1880. Mr. Thompson reports it a very rare
bird near Toronto, but Mr. Morden gives it as a regular visitor
to the vicinity of Hyde Park, Ontario.

48 Catalogue of Canadian Birds.

^gialitis montana.

MOUNTAIN PL.OVEK.

Dr. CoUES reports finding this species abundant between the
Sweet-grass Hills and the Milk River, in latitude 49°.

Aphriza virgata.

SURF BIRD.

This species occurs along the whole coast line of British
Columbia, but it is most abundant north of Vancmiver Island.

Arenaria interpres. ,

TURNSTONE.

Occurs throughout Canada, though generally reported some-
what rare in the interior, excepting near Toronto, where Mr.
Thompson has found it in immense numbers in the spring,
though less abundant in the autumn. It breeds in high latitudes,
and winters far south.

Arenaria melanocephala.

BL.ACK TURNSTONE.

This species occurs in British Columbia, from Burrard Inlel
northward, but is most abundant in Howe Sound (Faufim).

Haematopus palliatus.

AMERICAN OirSTER-CATCHER.

An accidental straggler from the south. Two specimens have
been taken at the mouth of the Bay of Fundy : one on Grand
Manan, and another on the mainland, near Eastport.

Catalogue of Canadian Birds. 49

Hsematopus bachmani.

BLACK OYSTEK-CATCIIER.

This species occurs on the coast of British Columbia, from
Cape Flattery to the Alaskan boundary, being most abundant at
Howe Sound. It has not been obseved at Burrard Inlet {Fa?ifn'n).

Colinus virginianus.

BOB-WHIT£.

Occurs in Ontario only. McIlwraith calls it a common
bird, and Saunders and Morden hold the Same opinion,
fliough it is reported as rare from Toronto ( Thompsoii), Luck-
now {_Garnier), and Gravenhurst {Scn'vcn).

Oreortyx pictus.

MOUNTAIN PARTRIDOE.

This species has been introduced on Vancouver Island.

Callipepla californica vallicola.

VALI.EY PARTRIDGE.

This species has been introduced on Vancouver Island.

Dendragapus obscurus fuliginosus.

SOOTY GROUSE.

Occurs in British Columbia, between the Cascade Mountains
and the Pacific, and on the Islands along the coast.

Dendragapus obscurus richardsonii.

RICHARDSON'S GROUSE.

Occurs in British Columbia, on the eastern slope of the Cas-
cades, and in the Rockies. Occurs, also, along the Saskatchewan,
G

6f Catalogue of Canadian Birds.

and Mr. C. J. Bampton reports having frequently seen specimens
in the market at Sault St. Marie {Mclhvraith).

Dendragapus canadensis.

CANADA GROUSE.

This is the " Spruce Partridge " of eastern sportsmen. It
occurs from the Atlantic to the Rockies, and from the 45th
parallel to the Fur Countries.

Dendragapus franklinii.

FRANKLIN'S GROUS£.

An abundant species in the timbered districts of British
Columbia east of the Cascades, from the southern boundary to
the Arctic water-shed. Dr. CouES found it on the eastern slope
of the Rockies.

Bonasa umbellus togata.

CANADIAN RUFFED GROUSE.

This is the "Birch Partridge" of eastern sportsmen. It
occurs in the timbered districts of the eastern Provinces, and
west to the Rockies, and from the southern boundary to the Fur
Countries. (Mr. Thompson considers that the bird found in
Manitoba should be referred tq nmbelloidcs).

Bonasa umbellus umbelloides.

GRAY RUFFED GROUSE.

This form of the " Birch Partridge " occurs in the interior of
British Columbia, from the southern boundary to Alaska (prob-
ably, also, in Manitoba).

Catalogue of Canadian Birds. 5]

Bonasa umbellus sabini.

OREGON RUrFKD GROUSE.

This is the form of the " Birch Partridj^c " that is found on
the Pacific coast. It occurs in British Columbia, from the summit
of the Cascades to the sea-shore, and on the islands along the
coast.

Lagopus lagopus.

Wltl-OW PTARMIGAN.

This species occurs from the Atlantic to Lake Winnipeg, and
north to the Arctics. It is very abundant at Point des Monts,
P. O., and occurs at Sault St. Marie; but the only specimens that
are known to have been taken south of the St. Lawrence are one
captured in the Magdalene Islands {Cory), and another in Lewis
County, N. Y. {Merriam). In Dr. Hall's list of Montreal birds
it is given as rare, but later observers have failed to procure any
evidence of its occurrence in that vicinity, though Mr. Nielson
has found it near Quebec, and Dr. Brodie reports it from thirty
miles north of Toronto. It is probably most abundant in Labra-
dor and in the Hudson's Bav district.

Allen's Ptarmigan {Lagopus hxffopus allcni) is a form of the
Willow Ptarmigan that occurs in Newfoundland only.

Lagopus rupestris.

ROCK PTARMIGAN.

Turner reports this as abundant on the treeless area of
Labrador, where it remains the entire year, and Dr. Bell found
it in vast numbers around Hudson's Strait. It has been taken
near Quebec (^Couper) ; at Sault St. Marie {^McUwraith^ ; and
on Anticosti {^Brewster).

52 Catalogue of Canadian Birds.

Lagopus rupestris reinhardti.

KKINIIAKDT'S TTAUMIOAN.

This species occurs on the western shores of Cumberland
Bay.

Lagopus leucurus.

WHITK-TAILKD PTAKMIGAN.

An abundant resident of the eastern slopes of the Cascades.
It occurs north to Dcase Lake, and south to New Mexico.

Tympanuchus americanus.

FRAIKIE IIKN.

This species has lately become common on the Plains of
Manitoba, and it occurs, also, in Southern Ontario.

Pediocsetes phasianellus.

SHAKP-TAILED GROUSE.

In the A. O. U. check list the habitat of this species is given
as " British America, from the northern shores of Lake Superior,
and British Columbia, to Hudson's Bay Territory and Alaska."

Pediocaetes phasianellus columbianus.

COLUMBIAN SHARP-TAILED GROUSE.

Mr. Fannin reports that this form occurs in British Colum-
bia, between the Cascades and the Rockies. Mr. Thompson
reports it very abundant in Manitoba.

Catalogue of Canadian Birds. 53

Pediocaetes phasianellus campestris.

PBAIBUS HHARF-TAILED OROUSK.

This sub-species is said to occur on the Great Plains.

Centrocercus urophasianus.

sage grouse.

Mr. Fannin reports that this species occurs occasionally in
the open hills along the southern border of British Columbia, and
Dr. CouES found it on the Plains between the Milk River and the
Missouri.

Meleagris gallopavo.

WIia> TURKEY.

Examples of this species are seen occasionally in Southern
Ontario. Mr. Saunders reports a pair nesting in Middlesex
County, in 1878, and Dr. Garnier took one in Kent County, in
1884.

Columba fasciata.

BAND-TAII.ED PIGEON.

A common summer resident of British Columbia.

Ectopistes migratorius.

PASSENGER PIGEON. *

The " Wild Pigeon," once so very abundant in all the East-
ern Provinces, is now very rare east of Manitoba. It is abundant
on the Plains, and rare in British Columbia. Prof. Macoun met
with it in the Saskatchewan Valley ; Dr. Bell found it at York
Factory, and Drexler took one example at Moose Factory.

54 Catalogue of Canadian Birds.

Zenaidura macroura.

MOURNING DOVE.

This species occurs sparingly from the Atlantic to the Pacific,
being most frequently met with in Southern Ontario, and in the
Red River Valley. Comeau has taken three specimens at Point
des Monts, P. Q.

Columbigallina passerina.

GROUND DOVE.

Thompson reports that Hind claims to have handled a
specimen that was taken near Winnipeg.

Pseudogryphus californianus.

CALIFORNIA VULTURE.

This species has been taken at the mouth of the P'raser
River, B. C.

Cathartes aura.

TURKEY VULTURE.

This species is abundant on the Plains, and fairly common in
the southern portions of British Columbia. It occurs regularly
at .St. Clair Flats, but east of that point is only accidental. A few
specimens have been- taken at Grand Manan, and Mr. Philip
Cox lately reported the occurrence of two at the mouth of the
Miramichi River, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence.

Catharista atrata.

IILACK VULTURE.

A few examples have been taken at Grand Manan,

Catalogue of Canadian Birds. 55

Elanoides forficatus.

SWALLOW-TAILED K(T£.

One example of this species has been seen at Ottawa (O. F. N.
Club), and a pair were observed near London (Saunders), while
several have been noted by Mr. Hunter in different parts of
Manitoba (Thompson).

Circus hudsonius.

maush hawk.

A common summer resident throughout the Dominion, north
to the Fur Countries.

Accipiter velox.

SHARP-SHINNED HAWK.

A common summer resident throughout the southern por-
tions of the Dominion.

Accipiter cooperi.

COOPER'S HAWK.

A summer resident throughout the Dominion to the Fur
Countries, but nowhere common.

Accipiter atricapillus.

AMERICAN GOSHAWK.

Occurs between Western Manitol)a and the Atlantic, and
north to the Fur Countries, though rare in the Huron-Superior
region. Turner considers it as sedentary in the Ungava dis-
trict; Thompson thinks it leaves Manitoba during the winter
montiis ; it occurs about the Great Lakes only in winter, and is
found in New Brunswick during the entire year.

56 Catalogue of Canadian Birds.

Accipiter atricapillus striatulus.

WESTERN GOSHAWK.

Occurs in British Columbia, north to Alaska.

Buteo borealis.

* RED-TAILED HAWK.

Occurs from the Atlantic to the Great Plains as a summer
resident. A few winter in Southern Ontario. On the sea-board
it has not been taken north of latitude 49° ; but Dr. Bell reports
it at Fort Churchill, on Hudson's Bay.

Buteo borealis calurus.

WESTERN RED-TAIL,.

Occurs in British Columbia, from the Rocky Mountains to
the Pacific.

Buteo lineatus.

RED-SHOVLDERED HAWK.

A rather common summer resident of the Eastern Provinces,
probably more abundant in Ontario than elsewhere. Dr. Bell
reports its cccurrence at York Factory, on Hudson's Bay ; and
Mr. Thompson, on the authority of Mr. Hintek, gives it as
rather common in Eastern Manitoba.

Buteo swainsoni.

SWAINSON'S HAWK.

This is an abundant summer resident in Manitoba, and occurs
westward to the Cascade Mountains ; Mr. McIlvvkaitii considers
it a regular, though rare, visitor to Ontairo; Dr. Hall considered
it rare near Montreal in his day — some fifty years ago, and in the
UuNLAP-WiNTLE list but two Specimens are recorded.

Catalogue of Canadian Birds. 57

Buteo latissimus.

BROAD-WINGED HAWK.

A common summer resident from the Atlantic to Manitoba,
ranging west into Assiniboia and north to the Saskatchewan,
though on the coast it is not founa north of New Brunswick.
McIlwraith gives it as only a casual visitor to Ontario, but
Thompson reports it as very abundant in the Muskoka district,
and Scott considers it one of the commonest Hawks in the
Ottawa Valley.

Archibuteo lagopus sancti-johannis.

AMERICAN ROUGH-LEGGED HAWK.

This sub-species occurs throughout Canada, but is of rather
irregular distribution. It is fairly common in British Columbia,
and is a common autumn migrant through Manitoba and Ontario
and part of Quebec. Turner reports it as more abundant on
the eastern and northern shores of Labrador than on the south-
ern, and as breeding at Fort Chimo. Comeau reports it as
rather common, and breeding, at Point des Monts. It occurs
in the Maritime Provinces in winter only.

Archibuteo ferrugineus.

FERRUGINOUS ROUGH-LEG.

Dr. CoUES found this species breeding among the Pembina
hills; Professor Macoun met with it at Strong Current Creek,
and Captain Blakiston, along the Saskatchewan \^illey.

Aquila chrysaetos.

GOLDEN EAGLE.

This species occurs throughout Canada, but is rare except in
a few localities. 'Mr. Fannin reports it as abundant in the Simil-
H

58 Catalogue of Canadian Birds.

kamcen district, though rare along the Pacific coast. Dr. Mer-
RiAM reports that Comeau has found it breeding at Point des
Monts, and " not particularly rare." Turner found it breeding
in the Ungava district, and CouES discovered one pair on the
Sweet Grass Hills. It ranges from the far north to Mexico, and
is probably sedentary throughout.

Haliseetus leucocephalus.

BALD EAGLE.

A common bird throughout the Dominion, being, probably,
most abundant in British Columbia, and rarest along the Great
Lakes. Breeds from our southern border to the Arctics.

Palco islandus.

WHITE CYKFALCON.

This is an Arctic bird, but in winter it occasionally wanders
as far south as the Bay of Fundy.

Falco rusticolus. *

ilUAY OYKFALCON.

Turner reports that this species appeared at Fort Chimo
in winter only ; he could not learn of any breeding in the
Ungava district.

Mr. Boardman has two specimens that were taken in the
Bay of Fundy.

Falco rusticolus gyrfalco.

CiVKFAIXON.

This species occurs from the Hudson's Bay district westward,
and north to the Arctic Occar,.

Catalogue of Canadian Birds. 59

Falco rusticolus obsoletus.

BLACK GYRFALCON.

Turner reports this species as breeding abundantly at Fort
Chimo, though rarely seen there in the winter.

Falco peregrinus anatum.

DUCK HAWK.

This species occurs throughout the entire Dominion, breed-
ing usually in the northern portions, though Dr. CouES found a
pair nesting near Milk River, and it has been observed in the
breeding season in New Brunswick. It is more common along
the ocean borders than in the interior.

Falco peregrinus pealei.

TEALE'S FALCON.

This is reported as a rare bird on V^ancouver Island and
northward.

Falco columbarius.

pigeon hawk.

A common summer resident of Canada at large, breeding
usually from about the 45th parallel northward, though Thomp-
son reports that in Western Manitoba it occurs as a fall migrant
only. It has been taken in New Brunswick in winter, but usually
winters in the south.

Falco columbarius suckleyi.

IILACK MERLIN.

A summer resident of British Columbia, though found only
between the Cascade Mountains and the Rockies.

0i , Catalogue of Canadian Birds.

Falco richardsonii.

RICHARDSON'S AI£RLIN.

A rare bird along the Pacific coast and on the Prairies. It
has been taken as far east as Sault St. Marie.

Falco sparverius.

AMERICAN SrARROW HAWK.

A common summer resident throughout Canada, from the
southern boundary to the Hudson's Bay district.

Pandion haliaetus carolinensis.

AMERICAN OSl'REV.

This is better known to Canadians as the " Fish Hawk." It
is a common summer resident of the sea-coasts and the larger
lakes north to the Hudson's Bay district and Alaska, and occurs
with more or less regularity everywhere but on the Plains. It
winters in northern South America.

Strix pratincola.

AMERICAN UARN UWL..

An accidental straggler from the south. Mr. McIlvvraith
mentions the occurrence of four examples in Southern Ontario.

Asio wilsonianus.

AMERICAN LONG-EARED OWL.

Occurs in more or less abundance from the Atlantic coast to
the Cascade Mountains, and north to the Saskatchewan and the
Hudson's Bay district. It is met with in summer, only, in British
Columbia and on the Plains, but Mr. Neilson reports finding it
occasionally, in winter, near Quebec, and Mr. Dunlop has had a
similar experience in the vicinity of Montreal.

Catalogue of Canadian Birds. 61

Asio accipitrinus.

SHORT.EARED CWL.

Occurs throughout the entire Dominion.

Syrnium nebulosum.

BARRED OWL.

Occurs from the southern boundary to about the 50th parallel.
Is abundant in the Maritime Provinces, common thence to Mani-
toba, and rare on the Pacific slope.

Ulula cinerea.

great gray owl.

Occurs in the Arctic regions, and occasionally in winter is
found along our southern border, from the Atlantic coast to the
Cascades.

Nyctala tengmalmi richardsoni.

RICHARDSON'S OWL.

A northern species, occurring usually in the Maritime Prov-
inces in winter only, though Mr. Cory reports it breeding on the
Magdalene Islands. Mr. Thompson gives it as a resident in
Manitoba.

Nyctala acadica.

SAW-WHET OWL.

A common species throughout Canada to about the 50th
parallel.

Megascops asio.

SCREECH OWL. .

Occurs from Lake Huron to the Atlantic, though rare in the
Maritime Provinces. Prof Macoun reports taking one example
at Birtle.

$$ Catalogue of Canadian Birds.

Megascops asio kennicottii.

KENNICOTT'S SCREECH OWL.

Very abundant along the coast in British Columbia.

Bubo virginianus.

GREAT HORNED OWL.

Occurs along the Atlantic to Labrador, and westward to tlie
Hudson's Bay district and the Great Plains, though most abund-
ant near the sea-board.

Bubo virginianus subarcticus.

WESTERN HORNED OWL.

Mr. Thompson reports that this variety is a common resident
of Manitoba.

Bubo virginianus arcticus.

ARCTIC HORNED OWL.

Occurs in the interior from the southern boundary (in winter),
to the Fur Countries.

Bubo virginianus saturatus.

DUSKY HORNED OAVL.

An abundant resident of British Columbia. Turner reports
it as not rare at Fort Chimo, Labrador.

Nyctea nyctea.

SNOWY OWL.

Occurs throughout the Dominion, though seen in winter only
along our southern border. Turner reports it breeding in North-
ern Labrador; and Dr. Brewer states, on the audiority of Mr.
Downs, that it has been found breeding in Newfoundland.

Catalogue of Canadian Birds. 6i

Surnia ulula caparoch.

AMERICAN HAWK OWL.

Occurs throughout the Dominion, breeding from the Fur
Countries northward, and migrating to our southern Dorder in
winter. It is, usually, a rather rare bird everywhere, though
common during some seasons.

Speotyto cunicularia hypogsea.

BUKUOWING OWL.

Mr. Fannin has found this species only between the Cas-
cade Mountains and the Rockies ; Dr. CoUES reports it occur-
ring between the Rocky Mountains and Milk River.

Glaucidium gnoma.

PYGMY OWL.

A resident of British Columbia, especially abundant along
the coast.

Coccyzus americanus.

YELLOW-RILLED CUCKOO.

Occurs from New Brunswick to British Columbia, but is rare
everywhere except in Southern Ontario, and is not mentioned in
Mr. Thompson's Manitoba list.

Coccyzus erythrophthalmus.

lILACK-niLLED CUCKOO.

A common summer resident from the Maritime Provinces to
the Plains ; migrating, in winter, south to the West Indies.

.04 Catalogue of Canadian Birds.

Ceryle Alcyon. . ' •

BELTED KINGFISHER.

An abundant summer resident throughout Canada to the
Fur Countries; migrating, in winter, to the West Indies.

Dryobates villosus leucomelas.

NORTHERN HAIRY WOODPECKER.

An abundant resident from the southern border to the Fur
Countries, and west to the Plains (possibly to the Rockies).

Dryobates villosus harrisii.

HARRIS'S WOODPECKER.

An abundant resident of British Columbia ; occurs, also, on
the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains.

Dryobates pubescens.

DOWNY WOODPECKER. ,

An abundant resident throughout the Dominion (excepting
on the Prairies) northward to the lower Fur Countries.

Dryobates pubescens gairdnerii.

GAIRDNER'S WOODPECKER.

Abundant in British Columbia.

Xenopicus albolarvatus.

white-headed WOODPECKER.

Occurs in British Columbia, between the Cascade Mountains
and the Rockies.

Catalogue of Canadian Birds. 05

Picoides arcticus.

ARCTIC THREE-TOED WOOI>PECKER.

This was formerly called the " Black-backed." It is a North-
ern species, occurring sparingly, in winter, along the southern
borders, from the Maritime Provinces westwartl. Thompson
gives it in his Manitoban list, but Fannin does not mention
it, though it has been taken in the Cascade Mountains. A few
have been taken in New Brunswick in summer.

Picoides americanus.

AMERICAN THREE-TOED WOODPECKER.

This was formerly called the " Banded-backed." It has a
more northerly range than arcticus, and occurs throughout the
Fur Countries to the Arctics, but is seldom seen to the south-
ward, and then only in winter, e^icepting in the Adirondack
region, where Dr. Merriam has proved it to be sedentary; and
in New Brunswick, where Boardman has taken a few specimens
in summer. Mr. Brewster reports finding a female with young
brood on Anticosti, also.

McIlwraith states, on the authority of Mr. Tisdale, that
it does not occur in the Muskoka district, but Mr. Scriven
reports finding it there, near Gravenhurst. Mr. White, of
Ottawa, has a specimen taken in that vicinity on November 5,
1S83. Several have been taken in Manitoba.

Sphyrapicus varius.

YELLOW-BELLIED SAFSUCKEK. ,

A common summer resident from the Maritime Provinces
to the Prairies, and north to tha Saskatchewan. Is rare near
Quebec, and Comeau has taken but one specimen at Point des
Monts. Dr. Coues found it plentiful at Pembina, and traced it
west to the Souris River. It winters in the far south.

60 Catalogue of Canadian Birds.

Sphyrapicus varius nuchalis.

RKD-NAPED SAPSUCKER.

Occurs in British Columbia, between the Cascade Mountains
and the Rockies.

Sphyrapicus ruber.

RED-IIREASTED SAPSUCKER.

An abundant resident of British Cohimbia.

Ceophlceus pileatus.

PILEATED WOODPECKER.

A resident throughout the Dominion in heavily wooded dis-
tricts, though uncommon or rare east of British Columbia, where
it is abundant.

Melanerpes erythrocephalus.

RED-HEADED WOODPECKER.

This species is rare or accidental in the Maritime Provinces
and in the vicinity of Quebec, though common near Montreal,
throughout Ontario, and in all suitable localities westward to the
Rockies. A few have been observed in Ontario during mild
winters {Saunders).

Melanerpes torquatus.

LEWIS'S WOODPECKER.

Mr. Fannin reports that, this species has been found only
between -the Cascade Mountains and the Rockies, in British
Columbia. Dr. Codes took one specimen on the eastern foot-
hills of the Rockies, near latitude 49°.

Catalogue of Canadian Birds. 67

Melanerpes carolinus.

RED-BELLIED WOODPECKER.

Mr. McIlwraith states that this species is becoming more
common in Ontario; Mr, Schoenan reports that it is quite com-
mon in Bruce County. It has not been taken in any other part
of Canada.

Colaptes auratus.

FLICKER.

This species was formerly called the " Golden-winged wood-
pecker." It is a summer resident throughout the Domimon,
north to the Hudson's Bay district, though less abundant in
British Columbia than to the eastward.

Colaptes cafer.

RED-SHAFTED FLICKER.

A resident of British Columbia ; very abundant along the
coast.

Colaptes cafer saturatior.

NORTHWESTERN FLICKER,

Mr. Fannin reports that he knows of only two specimens
having been seen in British Columbia, one at Burrard Inlet, and
one on Vancouver Island.

Colaptes chrysoides.

GILDED FLICKER.

A few examples of this southern bird have been taken in
British Columbia (Fannin).

68 Catalogue of Canadian Birds.

Antrostomus vociferus.

WHir-rOOK-WILL.

A summer resident from the Maritime Provinces to tlie
Prairies. Dr. Bell reports that he met with no exami)Ie north
of Norway House.

Chordeiles virginianus.

XKillTII.WVK.

An abundant sununer resident from tlie Atlantic coast to
Manitoba, and north to the Fur Countries.

Chordeiles virginianus henryi.

WKSTEKN MOIITHAWK.

Mr. Thompson reports this variety very abundant in Mani-
toba, and Mr. Fannin has taken it in British Columbia.

Cypseloides niger.

ItLACK SAVIFT.

A fairly common bird on Vancouver Island and along the
lower Fraser River.

Chsetura pelagica.

CHIMNEY SWIFT.

This species is sometimes calleil the "Chimney Swallow." It
is a common summer resident from the Maritime Provinces to the
Plains; ranginj^ north to about the 50th parallel near the Atlantic,
and farther north in the western portion of its habitat.

Catalogue of Canadian Birds. 69

Chaetura vauxii.

VAUX'S SWIFT.

A rare summer resident of British Columbia.

Trochilus colubris.

RUBY-THRO ATKD irVMIVlINGItllU).

Occurs from the Maritime Provinces to the valley of the Red
River, breedini^ in abundance throughout, excepting in Southern
Ontario, where it is chiefly a migrant. It has been taken along
the Saskatchewan Valley; Mr. Tuo ipson reports having seen
one specimen at Bracebridge, in the northern part of Ontario ;
Mr. Neilson has taken several nests in the Laurentides back of
Quebec, scleral miles from any settlement; and Turner met
with one c :amplc at Davis Inlet. It winters south to Cuba.

Trochilus alexandri.

BLACK CHINNED HCMMINGHIRU.

A fairly common summer resident of British Columbia.

Trochilus rufus.

RUFOUS lIUiMMlNGDIUD.

An abundant summer resident of British C(jluml)ia, widely
distributed, and occurring north to Sitka.

Trochilus alleni.

ALLKN'S IIU.MMINr.nilU).

A sunnner resident of British Columbia, between the Cascade
Mountains and the sea- coast.

70 Catalogue of Canadian Birds.

Trochilus calliope.

CALLIOPE nUMMINGUIRM.

A fairly common summer resident of British ColunilMa be-
tween the Cascade Mountains and the sea-coast.

Milvulus forficatus.

SCISSOK-TAILKD FLYCATCHER.

The general habitat of this species is between Texas and
Central America, but a few specimens have wandered into Canada.
Dr. Bell reports finding one at York Factory, on Hudson's Bay,
in 1880, and of hearing that examples have been seen occasion-
ally at the posts of the Hudson's Bay Company west to the valley
of the Mackenzie River ; Mr. Thompson examined a specimen
found by Mr. Nash near Portage la Prairie, in October, 1884;
and Dr. Garnier reports having discovered one in Bruce
Countv, Ontario.

Tyrannus tyrannus.

KINGIUKU.

A common summer resident between the Maritime Provinces
and British Columbia {Fannin), north to about the 50th parallel.
It winters in Central and South America.

Tyrannus verticalis.

AKKAN8A8 KINGltlKD.

A summer resident from the Plains to the Cascade Mountains.

Catalogue of Canadian Birds. 71

Myiarchus crinitus.

CRESTED FLYCATCHKU.

A common summer resident of Southern Ontario and east-
ward to Montreal ; rare or accidental near Quebec and in New
Brunswick, and rare, also, in the Red River Valley.

Sayornis phoebe.

PHWIIE.

A summer resident from the Maritime Provinces to Mani-
toba, though rare in the latter Province. Winters from the
Southern States southward.

Sayornis saya.

SAY'S rHa:nE.

A suyimer resident of the Prairies, and thence to the Pacific.

Contopus borealis.

OLIVK-SIDEI) I'LYCATCIIEIl.

A summer resident from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and north
to about die 50th arallel, tln-ugh rare in the (Meat-Lake district.
Winters south t Central America.

Contopus virens. i

WOOI> I'EWKK.

A common summer resident f"-om the Maritime Provinces to
the eastern edge of the (ireat Plains.

72 Catalogue of Canadian Birds.

Contopus richardsonii.

WESTKKN WOOD I'KWEK.

A common summer resident from Manitoba to the Pacific
coast.

Empidonax flaviventris.

YELliOW-llELtlED FLYCATCHER.

A common summer resident of the Maritime Provinces, and
rare or casual westward to Manitoba. Mr. Comeau has taken
two specimens at Point des Monts, and Mr. Jos. Macoun reports
fmdinq; numbers at Lake Misstassini. Kumlien met with one
off Cape Farewell, Greenland.

Empidonax difBcilis.

IIAIRIVS FI.YCATCIIEK.

Occurs from the Plains to the Pacific border.

Empidonax acadicus.

ACADIAN FLYCATCHEK.

This species is a fairly common summer resident of British
Columbia, and Mr. Thompson found it breeding at Duck Moun-
tain, Manitoba, in 18S4, and not uncommon. Mr. John A. Mor-
den reports having taken one example at Hyde Park, Ontario,
and Dr. Ham. gives it as " scarce " at Montreal.

Empidonax pusillus.

•LITTLE FLYCATCIIEIl.

This s[iccies is a connnon summer resilient of British Colum-
bia, anil Prof. Macoun found it at the elbow of the South Sa.s-

Catalogue of Canadian Birds. 73

katchcwan. It ranges north to the Fur Countries, and south, in
winter, to Mexico.

Empidonax pusillus traillii.

TRAIL,L,'S FLYCATCHER.

This species is a fairly common summer resident of the
Maritime Provinces, and is usually rare or casual westward to the
eastern edge of the Plains, though Dr. CouES reports finding it
common near Pembina. Mr. Comeau has taken one specimen
at Point des Monts, and in tiic west it has been taken north to
Fort Resolution.

Empidonax minimus.

LEAST FLYCATCHEK.

A common summer resident from the Atlantic to the Prairies,
though not observed west of Turtle Mountain. On the Atlantic
it has not been taken north of Point des Monts, but in the west it
ranges farther northward — to Fort Resolution.

Empidonax hammondi.

HAMMOND'S FLYCATCHER.

Dr. CouES took this species on the eastern slope of the
Rockies, near the 49th parallel, and Dr. Richardson found it at
Lesser Slave Lake.

Empidonax obscurus.

WRIGHT'S FLYCATCHER.

Dr. CorES took this species on the eastern slope of the
Rockies, near the 49th parallel.
K •

74 Catalogue of Canadian Birds.

Otocoris alpestris.

HORNKD L.ARK.

Formerly called the " Shore Lark." It is a common whiter
visitor to the Maritime Provinces, and occurs westward to Lake
Huron. It breeds in the Fur Countries, and northward.

Otocoris alpestris leucolsema.

PALUI) HORNKI) LARK.

Occurs in the western portions of the interior; abundant in
Manitoba ( Thompson),

Otocoris alpestris praticola.

prairie HORNKD LARK.

This form occurs as a summer resident from Montreal to the
western edge of the Plains.

Otocoris alpestris arenicola.

DESKRT HORNED LARK.

This form occurs as a summer resident of British Columbia,
between the Cascade Mountains and the Rockies.

Otocoris alpestris strigata.

STREAKED HORNED LARK.

This form occurs along the coast of British Columbia, and
north to Fort Simpson.

Catalogue of Canadian Birds. 75

Pica pica hudsonica.

AMERICAN MAGPIE.

An abundant resident of British Columbia, east of the Cas-
cades, occurring along- the coast in winter only. It occurs on the
Plains and in the northern portions of Manitoba, and one example
has been taken in Montreal.

Cyanocitta cristata.

BLUE JAY.

A common resident on the Atlantic border to about the 50th
parallel, and westward to Manitoba. It has been taken at Moose
Factory.

Cyanocitta stelleri.

STELLER'S JAY.

A resident of British Columbia; especially abundant near
the coast.

Cyanocitta stelleri macrolopha.

LONG-CRESTED JAY.

A resident of British Columbia ; especially abundant near the
coast.

Perisoreus canadensis.

CANADA JAY.

This species is known as " Moose Bird " and " Whiskey
Jack " in the lumber districts, where it is chiefly found. It is an
abundant resident on the Atlantic border north to Labradoi and
occurs westward to Manitoba, where it is also aliundant. It is
absent from Southern Ontario, InU Mr. Cr.E.MENTi has taken it
near Peterboro', and it is common near Ottawa, and in the Mus-
koka district.

76 Catalogue of Canadian Birds.

»

Perisoreus canadensis capitalis.

ROCKY MOUNTAIN JAY.

Dr. CouES found this form common in the Rockies, near the
49th parallel.

Perisor«us canadensis fumifrons.

ALASKAN JAY.

A resident of British Columbia, east of the Cascade Mountains.

Perisoreus canadensis nigricapillus.

LABRADOn JAY.

Turner found this form in the interior of Labrador, and
along the coast.

Perisoreus obscurus.

OREGON JAY.

Occurs on the islands and mainland along the Pacific coast
of British Columbia.

Corvus corax sinuatus.

AMERICAN RAVEN.

Occurs throughout the entire Dominion, though of rather
local distribution.

Corvus americanus.

AMERICAN CROW.

Occurs throughout the Dominion, north to the Fur Countries.

Catalogue of Canadian Birds. 77

Corvus caurinus.

NORTHWEST CROW.

A very abundant resident along the coast of British Columbia.

Picicorvus columbianus.

CliARKE'S NUTCRACKER.

This species is abundant in the Similkamcen Valley, B. C,
and occurs, occasionally, westward to Vancouver Island.

Cyanocephalus cyanocephalus.

PiSoN JAY.

This species occurs in British Columbia.

Dolichonyx oryzivorus.

BOBOLINK.

A common summer resident from the Maritime Provinces
to Manitoba.

Dolichonyx oryzivorus albinucha.

WESTERN BOBOLINK.

This form occurs on the Western Prairies.

Molothrus ater.

COWBIRD.

A summer resident from the Maritime Provinces to the Cas-
cades, and north to about the 50th parallel ; most abundant in
Ontario and Manitoba.

78 ' Catalogue of Canadian Birds.

Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus.

YELl,OW-HEAPKI> liLACKKIKI).

An abundant summer resident of the Great Plains. Mr.
Thompson gives it as a rare straggler to the vicinity of Toronto;
and Dr. Merriam states that Mr. Comkau took one example at
Point des Monts in September, 1878.

Agelaius phoeniceus.

REI>-WINGED DLACKniRD.

An abundant summer resident from the Maritime Provinces
to the Great Plains ; north to latitude 50° on the Atlantic border,
and to latitude 57° in the west. Said to have been taken on the
Pacific Slope.

Agelaius gubernator.

BI-COLOKED BL,ACKBIRD.

An abundant summer resident in the southern portion of
British Columbia.

Sturnella magna.

meadovvlark.

A common summer resident of Southern Ontario, occurring
sparingly east-ward to the Maritime Provinces, and westward to
Eastern Manitoba.

Sturnella magna neglecta.

WESTERN ME ADO WL ARK.

Occurs from Manitoba to the Pacific, and north to the valley
of the Saskatchewan, being most abundant on the Great Plains.

Catalogue of Canadian Birds. 79

Icterus spurius.

OUCHAKI) OKIOI.K.

Occurs regularly in Southern Ontario, and Mr. Thompson
reports that one example was taken at Leslieville in 1.S79. Dr.
CouES secured one at Pembina, and several have been taken at
St. Stephen, N. B.

Icterus galbula.

BALTIMORE ORIOLK.

This species is an abundant summer resident of the Great
Plains ; is common in Southern Ontario, and rare or casual east-
ward to the Maritime Provinces. Caj^t. Blakiston found it in
the valley of the Saskatchewan, about latitude 55°, and Dr. Bell
has the skin of a specimen taken by Dr. Matthew at York
Factory.

Icterus bullocki.

ItULIiOCK'S OKIOLK.

Mr. Fannin has found this species between the Cascade
Mountains and the Rockies, in British Columbia.

Scolecophagus carolinus.

IIUSTY BLACKKIKD.

Occurs throughout Canada, breeding from about the 45th
parallel to the Fur countries ; enormously abundant in Manitoba
( Thompson).

Scolecophagus cyanocephalus.

ItREWEK'S BLACKRIRD. ,

An abundant summer resident from Manitoba to the Cascades.

80 Catalogue of Canadian Birds.

Quiscalus quiscalus aeneus.

BRONZED ORACKLE.

An abundant summer resident from the Maritime Provinces
to the Great Plains. Dr. Bell reports it at York Factory, H. B. T.

Coccothraustes vespertina.

EVENING OROSIIEAK.

An abundant resident of British Columbia, east of the Cas-
cades, and occasionally found on the western slope and in Van-
couver Island. It is a common winter visitor to Manitoba, and
a few specimens have been taken in Ontario.

Pinicola enucleator.

riNE OROSIIEAK.

Occurs throughout Canada, breeding from the Fur countries
northward; in winter it is found from about the 50th parallel
southward. Mr. Comeau finds it throughout the year at Point
des Monts, and Mr. Scriven has found a few in summer in the
Muskoka district ; it is casual in New Brunswick, also, in summer.
In British Columbia it is more common on the eastern side of the
Cascades than on the Pacific Slope, and is occasional, only, on
Vancouver Island.

Carpodacus purpureas.

rvRrLs; finch.

An abundant bird from the Atlantic border to the Prairies,
and north to about the 50th parallel. It winters sparingly in
Southern Ontario, and casually in New Brunswick, and occurs
southward to the Southern States.

Catalogue of Canadian Birds. 81

Carpodacus purpureus californicus.

CALirORMA rUUl'LK FINCH.

An abundant summer resident of British Columbia.

Carpodacus cassini.

CAJWIN'9 rVRPIiE FINCH.

Occurs in British Columbia; most common east of the Cas-
cades.

Loxia curvirostra minor.

AMERICAN CRO.SSUILL.

A common resident throughout Canada, north to about the
50th parallel on the Atlantic border, and ranging farther north in
the west. It is a winter visitor, only, in Southern Ontario and
.Southern Manitoba. Dr. Bell reports taking one specimen in
Hudson's Straits, and it has been taken in Sitka.

Loxia leucoptera.

WHITE-WINGKD CRO.S.SIULL.

A common species throughout Canada, from the Atlantic to
the Cascades, and north to the Arctic regions ; but is met with in
winter, only, along the southern border, and is .somewhat rare in
parts of Ontario.

Leucosticte tephrocotis.

GRAY-CROWNED LEUCOSTICTE.

Dr. CouKS found this species in the Red River Valley, and it
has been taken on the Saskatchewan.
L

82 Catalogue of Canadian Birds.

Leucosticte tephrocotis littoralis.

IIKPIIt'RN'S LEUCOSTICTE.

Mr. Fannin has found this species in the inountain districts
of British Columbia, and occasionally alon^ the coast.

Acanthis hornemannii.

GREENLAND REDPOLL.

Occurs in the Eastern Arctic regions.

Acanthis hornemannii exilipes.

UOARY REDPOLL.

Occurs in the Arctic regions , south, in the fall, to Manitoba
( 7'hovipson).

Acanthis linaria.

REDPOLL.

Occurs from the Fur Countries to the southern border (in
winter), and from the Atlantic to the Plains.

Acanthis linaria holbcellii.

IIOLIKELL'8 REDPOLL.

Occurs along the Atlantic border.

Acanthis linaria rostrata.

GItEATER REDPOLL.

Occurs from sub- Arctic regions to the southern bor<ler, and
from the Atlantic westward, probably to Manitoba.

Catalogue of Canadian Birds. 83

Spinus tristis.

AMERICAN GOLDFINCH.

This species is better known as the " Thistle Finch," and in
some localities is called " Wild Canary," a name which is also ap-
plied to the Yellow Warbler. It is an abundant summer resident
throughout Canada, north to Southern I.abratlor and the Valley
of the Saskatchewan.

Spinus pinus.

riNE SISKIN.

A common summer resident of British Columbia, and a
winter visitor of the southern portions of Ontario and Quebec,
occ'irring, also, as a migrant, in Manitoba and the Maritime
Provinces. A few summer in New Brunswick.

Passer domesticus.

EUROPEAN HOUSE SPARROW.

An introduced species which has become thoroughly natural-
ized, and is now found in almost all the towns between Halifax,
N. S., and Windsor, Ontario.

Plectrophenax nivalis.

SNOWFLAKE.

This species was formerly called the " Snow Bunting." It
occurs abundantly throughout the entire Dominion, breeding in
the Arctic regions and wintering along the southern border, and
south to Georgia and Kansas.

Calcarius lapponicus.

LAPLAND LONOSPVR.

Occurs from the Atlantic to the Great Plains (probably
to the Rockies), and north to sub-Arctic regions; in winter,

84 Catalogue of Canadian Birds.

only, along the southern bortlcr, and south to South Carolina
and Kansas.

Calcarius pictus.

SMITH'S LONGSPVR. •

Occurs as a migrant on the Prairies, l^recding in the far north.

Calcarius ornatus.

CIIESTNVT-COLLAKEI) I.ONGSl>l'K.

A common summer resident from Manitoba to the foot-hills
of the Rockies, and north to the Saskatchewan.

Rhynchophanes mccownii.

McCOUN'S LONUSrVlt.

Occurs on the Great Plains, from tlie Missouri Basin to Uie
Rockies.

Poocaetes gramineus.

VESPER SPARROW.

This is the " Grass Finch " of the older authors. It is a com-
mon summer resident from the Maritime Provinces to the Great
Plains, and occurs north to the mouth of the St. Lawrence, and
to the Saskatchewan Valley.

Poocactes gramineus confinis.

WESTERN VESPER SPARROW.

A very almndant summer resident of Manitoba, and occurs
thence to the Pacific coast, along which it is rather uncommon.

Catalogue of Canadian Birds, 85

Ammodramus princeps.

IPSWICH 8PAKBOW.

This species has been taken in New Brunswick and Prince
Edward Island during the spring migration, and has been found
breeding on Sable Island, off the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia.

Ammodramus sandwichensis.

SANDWICH SPARROW.

This species is fairly common along the coast of British
Columbia.

Ammodramus sandwichensis savanna.

savanna sparrow.

An abundant summer resident from the Maritime Provinces
to the Prairies, and north to the Hudson's Bay region.

Ammodramus sandwichensis alaudinus.

WESTERN SAVANNA SPARROW.

A very abundant summer resident of Manitoba, and thence
to the Pacific coast.

Ammodramus bairdii.

UAIRO'S SPARROW.

Occurs on the Great Plains.

Ammodramus savannarum passerinus.

GRASSHOPPER SPARROW.

Mr. Saunders considers this a fairly common resident in
the southwestern Peninsula of Ontario. Mr. Boardman has
taken one example near St. Stephen, N. B.

86 Catalogue or Canadian Birds.

Ammodramus henslowii.

HENSr.OWS Si'AKROW.

This species is said to occur in Ontario {A. O. U. Chak-
List).

Ammodramus leconteii.

LECOMTE'S SPARROW.

A common summer resident in Manitoba and Assinibcia.

Ammodramus caudacutus.

8UARP-TAILEI> SPARROW.

With the exception of one example, reported by the Ottawa
Field Naturalists' Club as havinj^ been taken in their vicinity,
there is no record of this bird's occurrence outside of New Bruns-
wick and Prince Edward Island. It has been found more abund-
antly on the Marshes at the head of the Bay of Fundy, though it is
common near St. Andrews, and has been taken above St. Stephen
and on the marshes near Hampton. Messrs. Stone and Brews-
ter report its occurrence on Prince Edward Island.

Chondestes grammacus strigatus.

WE.STERM I. ARK SPARROW.

A common sun)mer resident in British Columbia and on the
Great Plains, and casual or rare eastward to Toronto.

Zonotrichia querula.

HARRIS'S SPARROW.

An abundant migrant on the Great Plains.

Catalogue of Canadian Birds. 87

Zonotrichia leucophrys.

>VUITE-CROWNED NPARROW.

A summer resident of the Atlantic border, north to Labrador,
though of local distribution. It is reported as a rare migrant near
Montreal, in Manitoba, and on the Prairies, but is fairly common
in portions of Ontario. Mr. Fannin has not mentioned it in his
list of birds of British Columbia, though it is said to occur in the
Rocky Mountain region in abundance.

Zonotrichia intermedia.

INTERMEDIATE SPARROW.

A summer resident of British Columbia, and found by Dr.
CoUES migrating along the Souris River.

Zonotrichia gambeli.

GAMBEL'S SPARROW.

A summer resident along the Pacific coast; very abundant
near Victory.

Zonotrichia coronata.

GOLDEN-CROWNED SPARROW.

A summer resident of British Columbia ; abundant on Van-
couver Island.

Zonotrichia albicollis.

WUITE-THROATED SPARROW.

This species is better known to Canadians as the " Kennedy
Bird." or " Peabody Bird," or " Old Tom Peabody." It is an
abundant summer resident from the Atlantic to the Prairies, and
north to the Fur Countries.

88 Catalogue of Canadian Birds.

Spizella monticola.

TRKE HPARROW.

A common bird from the Atlantic to the Rockies ; breeding
in the Fur Countries, and wintering along the southern border,
and southward to the Southern States.

Spizella monticola ochracea.

WESTKRN TREE SPARROW.

A fairly common summer resident of British Columbia.

Spizella socialis.

CHIFPING SPARROW.

Occurs from the Atlantic border to the Rockies, though rare
on the Prairies. It occurs north to Gaspo {Breicstcr) in the east,
and to Great Slave Lake in the west — breeding from our South-
ern border northward. South, in winter, to Eastern Mexico.

Spizella socialis arizonse.

WESTERN CHIPPING SPARROW.

A common summer resident of British Columbia.

Spizella pallida.

CLAT-COLORED SPARROW.

A very abundant resident of Manitoba, ar d occurs across the
Plains to the Rockies.

Spizella breweri.

BREWER'S SPARROW.

A fairly common summer resident of British Columbia.

CATAi.or.i'E OF Canadian Birds. 89

Spizella pusilla.

FIELD SPARROW.

A fairly common summer resident in the vicinity ol" Quebec
and Montreal, and occurs thence westward to Manitoba.

Junco hyemalis.

SLATE-COLOREU JUNCO.

This species is the " Snowbird " of the older authors. It
occurs in abundance from the Atlantic coast to Lake Superior,
and north to the Fur Countries ; breedinji; throughout, though
sparingly in the more southern portions of Ontario and Quebec,
where, also, a few winter. It has also been observed in winter in
New Brunswick. It is said to occur on the Pacific, but is not
mentioned by Mr. Thompson in his Manitoba list.

Junco hyemalis oregonus.

OREGON JUNCO.

This form is a very abundant resident of British Columbia.

Peucsea ruficeps.

RUFOUS-CROWNEO SPARROW.

A summer resident along the Pacific coast ; very abundant
on Vancouver Island.

Melospiza fasciata.

SONG SPARROW.

An abundant summer resident from the Atlantic coast to the
wooded districts of the Plains, and northward to the lower F"ur
Countries. It winters sparingly along the southern border.

M

90 Catai.oc.uk of Canadian Birds.

Melospiza fasciata guttata.

IIISTY soxo srAiutuw.

A fairly abundant resident near the Pacific coast {Fanuin).

Melospiza fasciata ruBna.

HOOTY SONG SPAKKOW.

An abundant resident alonj; the sea-board of Hritish Columbia.

Melospiza lincolni.

MXCOLN'S SPAKKOW.

Occurs throughout Canada, north to the lower Fur Countries,
but is most numerous in the mountain regions of British Columbia.
Very few examples have been observed in Ontario, though Dr.
WiiKATON mentions that it is a " not imcommon " migrant near
Sandusky and Cleveland. It has been taken in a few ' icalities in
the Maritime Provinces.

Melospiza georgiana.

HWAMP HPAKKOW.

A common summer resident from the Atlantic to the Plains ;
breeding from the southern border northward. Audubon found
it in Labrador, and Richardson mentions its occurrence at Fort
Simpson.

Passerella iliaca.

FOX SPAKKOW.

Occurs throughout Canada, though of rather local distribu-
tion. It is abundant in portions of the Maritime Provinces, and
near Quebec as a spring migrant, though rarely met with in
the autumn. Mr. Mcli, wraith mentions that it is seldom seen
near Hamilton, and it is generally considered rare through-

Catalocuf, of Canadian Birds. 01

out Ontario, as well as in the vicinity of Ottawa and Montreal,
tiiough Mr. Ci.i:.mi;nti thinks it fairly common near I'etcrboro,
and Dr. Whf.aton reports that it is common in Ohio. It is
common in Manitoba, and uncommon in British Columbia ; and,
while it has not been rci)orted fnjin the Hudson's Bay region, is
said to extend its range to the Arctic coast. It has been fountl
breeding in Labrador, and on the islands in the (iulf of .St. Law-
rence, and on Duck Mountain, Manitoba ( Tkomfison), and is a
summc/ resident near the sea-coast in British Columbia {/•annin).

Passerella iliaca unalaschcensis. '

TOWNSEND'S SPARIIOW.

A fairly common summer resident along the coast of British
Columbia.

Pipilo erythrophthalmus.

TOWHEE.

A common summer resident in Manitoba, the Great Plains,
and in Southern Ontario, east to Toronto. Mr. Nf.ilson reports
that a pair were taken near Quebec in 1879, and one example
has been taken in New Brunswick, near St. John..

Pipilo maculatus arcticus.

ARCTIC TOWUEE.

Occurs on the Saskatchewan Phiins, and west to the eastern
slopes of the Rockies.

Pipilo maculatus oregonus.

OREGON TOWIIEE.

An abundant resident of British Columbia, from the Cascades
to the Pacific.

92 Catalogue of Canadian Birds.

Cardinalis cardinalis.

CARDINAL.

This species occurs occasionally in Southern Ontario, and
two examples were observed near Halifax, N. S., in 1871 (Jones).

Habia ludoviciana.

ROSE-BREASTED GROSREAK.

Occurs sparingly in the Maritime Provinces, but is more
common in the vicinity ot" Quebec, and is fairly common in
Ontario (north to Gravenhurst) and throughout Manitoba. Dr.
CoUES found it in abundance at Pembina, and it has been taken
on the banks of the Saskatchewan.

Habia melanocephala.

black-headed grosbeak.

A summer resident of British Columbia.

Guiraca caerulea.

BLUE GROSBEAK.

A straggler from the south that occurs occasionally in British
Columbia ; also, Mr. CouPER reports taking one specimen near
Quebec, and Mr. Boa RDM an reports that a few have been taken
on Grand Manan, in the Bay of F'undy.

Passcrina cyanea.

INDIGO BUNTING.

A summer resident from the southern pwrtions of the Mari-
time Provinces to Southern Ontario. Mr. Comeau re])orts taking
one example at Point des Monts, in 1884.

Catalogue of Canadian Birds. 0;i

Passerina amoena.

LAZULI BUNTING.

A rare summer resident of British Columbia.

Spiza americana.

DICKCISSEL.

This is the " Bhick-throatcd Bunting " of the older authors.
Mr. Saunders reports finding several examples and a nest at
Point Pelee, Ontario, in 1884. '

Calamospiza melanocorys.

LARK BUNTING.

Prof. Macoun reports finding this species on the Western
Souris Plains and at the Cypress Hills, and Dr. CoUES met with
it in the Missouri River regjion, along the 49th parallel.

Piranga ludoviciana.

LOUISIANA TANNAGKK.

A fairly common summer resident of British Columbia, and
occurs, also, on the Prairies.

Piranga erythromelas.

SCAIILKT TANNAGEK.

Occurs from the Maritime Provinces to the Great Plains, and
north to Lake Winnipeg.

Piranga rubra.

HUMMKR TANNAGES.

An accidental straggler from the south. Mr. McIlwraith
has taken one near Hamilton ; two were taken near Montreal,

94 Catalogue ov Canadian Birds.

in 1864, by Mr. William Hi'ntfr, and examples have been
secured in the same vicinity by Mr. James Foley and Mr.
Keutzing. One has been sent to Mr. Uoardman from IlaHfax,
and two from Grand Manan.

Progne subis.

1'URri.E MAUTIX.

Occurs from the Maritime Provinces to British Columbia,
north to the Saskatchewan. Winters in Mexico.

Petrochelidon lunifrons.

CLIFF SWALLOW.

Occurs from the Maritime Provinces to British Columbia.
The most northerly point on the Atlantic border at which it has
been observed is Point des Monts, where Mr. Comeau discovered
a small colony in 18S2 ; but in the west it is said to range to the
Arctics. It winters as far south as Brazil and Paraguay.

Chelidon erythrogaster.

UARN SWALLOW.

Occurs from the Atlantic border to the Pacific, north to the
Fur Countries, and south, in winter, to South America.

Tachycineta bicolor.

TREE SWALLOW.

F'ormerly called the " White-bellied Swallow." It occurs
from the Atlantic border to the Pacific, north to the Fur Countries,
and south, in winter, to Central America.

Catalogue of Canadian Birds. 95

Tachcineta thalassina.

VIOLET-GREEN SWALLOW.

Mr. Fannin considers this an abundant summer resident of
British Columbia. Dr. CouES reports taking one example in the
Quaking- Ash River, and Prof. Macoun secured one on the Wait-
a-bit River. It winters south to Guatemala.

Clivicola riparia.

nANK swallow.

Occurs from the Maritime Provinces to the Pacific coast.
Professor Verrill found it common on Anticosti, and Mr.
Brewster discovered a colony at Gaspe, and another on the
Magdalene Islands, where Mr. CoRV also found a colony. Mr.
CoMEAU has seen only one example at Point des Monts. It is
said to occur in the Mackenzie Ri\'er, and to migrate to South
America in winter.

Stelgjdopteryx serripennis.

ROUGII-WINGEU SWALLOW.

This is a common summer resident of British Columbia.
Mr. Saunders reports finding it common in the vicinity of
London, Ontario, and Rev. Mr. Ci.ementi has found it near
Peterboro. It migrates south to Guatemala in winter.

Ampelis garrulus.

IIOHEMIAN WAXWINO.

This species occurs as a resident in British Columbia, between
the Cascade Mountains and the Rockies, and is occasionally seen
on Vancouver Island. On the Plains it is abundant, but usually
occurs as a winter visitant only, though Prof Macoun found a
pair near Silver City in summer, and Dr. CoUES saw fledglings
near Chief Mountain Lake in August. F'rom Manitoba to the
Atlantic it occurs irregularly during the winter months.

96 Catalogue of Canadian Birds.

Ampelis cedrorum.

CEDAR WAXWINO.

An abundant summer resident from the Atlantic to the
Pacific, north to the Fur Countries ; migrating, in winter, to
Guatemala.

Lanius borealis.

NORTHERIf SHRIKE.

Occurs throughout Canada, breeding far north, and migrating
to the southern border in winter.

Lanius ludovicianus excubitorides.

WHITE-RUMPEI) SHRIKE.

Occurs from tiie Maritime Provinces (sparingly) to the
Rockies, being most abundant on the Prau'ies.

Vireo olivaceus.

REI)-EYEI) VIREO.

This species is a common summer resident from the Maritime
Provinces to southern British Columbia {Fannin), and north to
Anticosti ( I'crn'l/), and Fort Simpson (Richardson).

Vireo flavoviridis.

YELLOW-OREEN VIREO.

t

The general habitat of this bird is between Texas and
Panama, but one specimen was captured by Mr. Comeau at
Point dcs Monts, P. Q., on May 13. 1883 {Afitriam).

Catalogue of Canadian Birds. 97

Vireo philadelphicus.

PHII.ADELPHIA VIREO.

In the A. O. U. Check- List the habitat of this species is
jiven as " Eastern North America, north to Hudson's Bay " ;
but, so far, it appears to have escaped detection by the majority
of Canadian observers. The records are : "A regular summer
resident of Western Manitoba" {Thompson); "One specimen
taken June 2, 1883, and one September 4, 1884, near Ottawa,
by Master Ted White" {Ottawa F. N. Club) • " Several were
secured by our party at Edmundston, N. B., in June, 1882"
{Chamberlabi) : "Occurs occasionally in the vicinity of St.
Stephen, N. B." {Doardmaii). Mr. McIlvvraith also reports
that it occurs as a niigrant in Ontario, and Drexler took one
at Moose Factory, H. B. T.

Vireo gilvus.

warbling vireo.

A summer resident throughout Canada, to the Fur Countries.

Vireo flavifrons.

yellow-throated vireo.

A summer resident of Southern Ontario and Manitoba, and
placed by Dr. Hall, and by Dunlop and Wintle in thgir
Montreal lists.

Vireo solitarius.

DLUE-UEAUEO VIREO.

Occurs from the Maritime Provinces to the Great PJpins,
though generally rather rare, excepting in Manitoba.

Vireo solitarius cassinii.

CA88IN'8 VIREO.

A fairly common bird in British Columbia.
N

98 Catalogue of Canadian Birds.

Vireo noveboracensis.

WHITE-EYED VIREO.

The claim of this species to a place among the birds of
Canada is based on the capture of one example near St. John,
N. B., in 1877, by Mr. Harold Gilbert.

Mniotilta variav

nLACK AMD WHITE WAUDLER.

A common summer resident from the Maritime Provinces
to the Plains. It has been reported as a migrant, only, at some
stations in the more southern district of Ontario and Quebec, but
as it breeds in Ohio ( IVhcaloii) it is fair to assume that further
investigation will reveal its breeding places along our entire
southern border. It is an abundant summer resident of Mani-
toba, and occurs north to Fort Simpson. Winters in the West
Indies.

Protonotaria citrea.

PROTHONOTARY WARBLER.

One specimen of this southern Warbler was taken at St.
Stephen, N. B., by Mr. George A. Boardman, on October 30,
1862, and upon that record alone rests the claim of this species
to a place among Canadian birds.

Helminthophila chrysoptera.

GOLDEN-WINGED WARItLER.

Mr. Saunders reports that this species is common near
London, Ontario.

Helminthophila ruficapilla.

NASHVILLE WAIUILER.

A summer resident from the Maritime Provinces to the
Great Plains, and north to Labrador {Nuf/al/), and the north-

Catalogue of Canadian Birds. 99

western Fur Countries {Richardson). It is rare in some districts
in Southern Ontario. Winters in Mexico.

Helminthophila celata.

ORANG£-CKOWMKD WAKULKR.

An abundant summer resident of the Prairies, ranging north
to Great Slave Lake and the Yukon district ; casual in Ontario.

Helminthophila celata lutescens.

LEVTKSCKNT WAItBI.KIl.

An abundant summer resident of British Columbia.

Helminthophila peregrina.

TENNESSEE WARHLER.

The Tennessee Warbler, like many other species of our
songsters, is too little known at present for a satisfactory account
cf its distribution to be obtained. It is a common summer resi-
dent of New Brunswick, but its name does not appear in Mr.
Jones's catalogue of Nova Scotia birds, though Mr. McKinlav
reports it as occurring near Pictou. Mr. Comeau considers it
tolerably common at Point des Monts, Mr. Brewster captured
one at Antirosti, and Mr. Joseph M. Macoun found it quite,
common at Lake Misstassini ; but it is not in Mr. Couper's
list of Quebec species, and Mr. Neilson has taken but one
example in that vicinity, though Mr. C. E, Dionne records
the occurrence of a few there in the spring of 1879, while
Messrs. Dunlop and Wintle have found it fairly common
near Montreal in tlie migrations. From Ontario there are but
few reports of its occurrence. In the Saunders-Morden list it
is given as common at times in the migrations ; Mr. Thompson

100 Catalogue of Canadian Birds.

calls it a rare spring migrant near Toronto, and the Ottawa
Club have met with but one example, though Dr. Wheaton
mentions it as a rare and irregular spring migrant (in Ohio), but
abundant and regular in the fall. Mr. Barnston took it on the
north shore of Lake Superior. Dr. Coues found it very abund-
ant in migrations at Pembina ; and Thompson reports it as a rare
summer resident of Western Manitoba. Drexler took examples
at Moose Factory and Fort George, on Hudson's Bay, and Mr.
Ross met it at Great Slave Lake. It winters in Central America.

Compsothlypis americana.

PARULA WABIILER.

Occurs from the Maritime Provinces to Lake Huron, breed-
ing from about latitude 45° northward. Brewster found it
breeding on Anticosti. It winters in the West Indies and Cen-
tral America.

Dendroica tigrina.

CAPK MAT WARBLER.

The only portions of Canada in which the Cape May appears
to be at all common are Manitoba and New Brunswick, though it
is not an abundant bird anywhere. Mr. Thompson reports that
it is " plentiful " aiong the Red River, and Mr. Boardman writes
that "though often rare, it is quite common during some seasons,"
near St. Stephen, on the Maine border, and it has been taken in
several other parts of New Brunswick.

The other notes of its occurrence that I have been enabled
to gather are but few. Mr. McIlwraith has taken but six
examples in Ontario ; Messrs. Saunders and Morden report
one taken at Mitchell's Bay; the Ottawa F. N. Club report a
pair captured near their headquarters ; Messrs. Dunlop and
Wintle consider it a rare, though regular, migrant in the vicinity
of Montreal, while Mr. Neilson knows of but one specimen that

Catalogue of Canadian Birds. 101

has been observed near Quebec. Drexler captured several
specimens at Moose Factory, in Hudson's Bay.

It breeds on the hills in Jamaica, and winters in Central
America.

Mr. James W. Banks, of St. John, N. B., has a nest aurl
eggs of this species taken by him near that city, and they remain
unique — no other nest and eggs, taken in the United States or
Canada, are to be found in any collection.

Dendroica aestiva.

YEXIiOW WARBLER.

Ti 53 species, known formerly as the " Summer Yellowbird "
and "Summer Warbler," and called by the people of the Maritime
Provinces the " Wild Canary," is an abundant summer resident
from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and occurs north to Fort George,
on Hudson's Bay, and to Fort Simpson, in the Great Slave Lake
district. It winters in Central America.

Dendroica cserulescens.

black-throated blue warbler.

The A. O. U. Check-List gives the habitat of this species as
" Eastern North America to the Plains," but it has not been ob-
served in Canada west of Lake Huron. It occurs in the Mari-
time Provinces as a rare summer resident, but is more common
in Quebec and Ontario, where it has been observed only during
the migrations, though it probably breeds in portions of these
latter Provinces. It winters in the West Indies.

Dendroica coronata.

MYRTLE WARBLER.

The Myrtle Warbler, heretofore called the " Yellow Rump,"
occurs throughout Canada. It breeds abundantly in the Maritime

102 Catalogue of Canadian Birds.

Provinces, and is one of the few of this family that Mr. Cory
found breeding in abundance on the Magdalene Islands. Mr.
CoMEAU has found it rather common at Point des Monts, and
Mr. Stearns records it as common in the interior of Labrador.
Several specimens were taken at Moose Factory by Drexler,
and KuMLiEN secured a single example in Godhavcn Harbour,
Greenland.

To the westward of the Atlantic Provinces it is generally
reported as a migrant, though it is a summer resident of British
Columbia.

In winter it occurs from the Middle States to Central America.

Dendroica auduboni.

AUDUBON'S WARULEK. a

An abundant summer resident of British Columbia, and also
abundant on the eastern slope of the Rockies.

Dendroica maculosa.

MAGNOLIA WARBLER.

This species, formerly called the " Black-and-Yellow Warb-
ler," occurs in British Columbia as a rare summer resident, and
in Manitoba as a rare migrant; and is, also, a migrant only,
though more common, through the settled portions of Ontario,
and parts of Quebec ; but north and east of these latter districts
it is found during the summer, and in the Maritime Provinces it
breeds abundantly. It is the commonest Warbler on the north
and south shores of the mouth of the St. Lawrence, and on
Anticosti, and Mr. Joseph Macoun found it quite common at
Lake Misstassini. It has been taken in Labrador and in the
Slave Lake district.

Winters in the West Indies and Central America.

Catalogue of Canadian Birds. 103

Dendroica caerulea.

CERULEAN IVARIILEH.

Mr. McIlwraith considers this species a regular summer
resident in Southern Ontario, though of local distribution. Mr.
CouPER reports that in the spring of 1866 it vv.is very common
near Quebec.

Dendroica pensylvanica.

CHESTNUT-SIDED ^VARIILEK.

A common summer resident from the Maritime Provinces to
the Great Plains. South in winter to Central America.

Dendroica castanea.

bay-breasted warbler.

Occ\ys from the Maritime Provinces to the Prairies, being
most abundant in the west. Has been taken in Labrador, and on
the west coast of Hudson's Bay. Winters in Central America.

Dendroica striata.

black-poll warbler.

Occurs throughout Canada to the Arctics. It is abundant
in Labrador and Manitoba, rare in British Columbia and Ontario,
and common elsewhere. It breeds from latitude 45" (sparingly)
northward. Winters in northern South America.

Dendroica blackburniae.

BLACKBURNIAN WARBLER.

Occurs from the Atlantic border to the Plains, and north to
Labrador ; breeding from about the 45th parallel.

104 Catalogue of Canadian Birds.

Dendroica nigrescens.

IlLACK-THKOATEU GRAY WARniJSR.

A fairly common summer resident of British Columbia.
Winters in Mexico.

Dendroica virens.

IlLACK-THROATEn GREEN WARBLER.

Occurs from the Atlantic border to Lake Huron, and north
to Point des Monts. It is said to range to the Great Plains, but
has not been observed in Manitoba.

Winters south to Cuba and Panama.

Dendroica townsendi.

TOWNSEND'S WARBLER. "

A common summer resident of British Columbia. Winters
in Guatemala.

Dendroica occidentalis.

HERMIT WARBLER.

A rare summer resident of Vancouver Island. Winters in
Guatemala.

Dendroica vigor sii.

PINE WARBLER.

This species occurs from the Atlantic border to the Plains.
It is fairly common in Ontario, but rare or casual elsewhere, —
the only record for Manitoba being Prof. Macoun's report of
finding it in Duck Mountain. Winters in the Southern States.

Catalogue of Canadian' Birds. 105

Dendroica palmarum.

PALM WAKKLKK.

This species is an abundant migrant in Manitoba, and has
been seen as far north as Great Slave Lake. It winters in the
Gulf States.

Dendroica palmarum hypochrysea.

YKLLOW PALM WARItl.KR.

This is the eastern form, and is familiarly known by its old
name of " Yellow Redpoll." It is an abundant summer resideiit
of New Brunswick, breeding in all suitable localities ; but it is not
so plentiful in Nova Scotia, and Mr. Bain thinks it rare in Prince
Edward Island. It occurs as a rare or occasional migrant, only,
in Quebec and Ontario. It has been taken at Moose I-'actory
and other points about Hudson's Bay, and Mr. Comeai' secured
one specimen at Point des Monts, in May, 1885.

It winters in South Atlantic and Gulf States.

Seiurus aurocapilus.

OVEN-BIBU.

A common summer resident from the Maritime Provinces to
the Plains, and rare in British Columbia {Fammi). Occurs north
to Labrador {Stearns), the Hudson's Bay region, and Alaska.
Winters south to Central America.

Seiurus noveboracensis.

WATER THRUSH.

This Warbler occurs from the Atlantic border to Manitoba,
and north to the Fur Countries. It is fairly common in the Mari-
time Provinces, though somewhat rare near Point des Monts and
Quebec ; but Mr. Stearns reports it as not uncommon in the
o

106 Catalogue of Canadian Birds.

interior of Labrador, and Mr. Joseph Macoun found it com-
mon at Lake Misstassini. Dr. Bell observed it in the Straits
of Belle Isle, Turner took several specimens at Davis Inlet,
and one has been taken in Greenland. In Dr. Hall's list
of Montreal birds, as well as in that of Messrs. Dunlop and
WiNTLE, it is given as rare, and a similar report is made for
Ottawa by the Field Naturalists' Club. Mr. Saunders
considers it not at all common in Southern Ontario, and Mr.
Schoenan reports it as rare in Bruce County; but Mr. McIl-
WRAITH, in his Birds of Ontario, gives it as quite abundant. It
winters south to northern South America.

Seiurus noveboracensis notabilis.

GKINXELL'S WATER THRUSH.

This western sub-species of the Water Thrush is a common
summer resident of the Prairies, and is also found in California.
Winters south to northern South America.

Seiurus motacilla.

LOUISIANA WATER THRUSH.

This form occurs sparingly"* along the southern border of
Ontario.

Geothlypis formosa.

KENTUCKY WARBLER.

As this bird seldom comes so far north as southern New
England, its appearance in Canada must be considered as merely
accidental. The only known instance of its occurrence here is
that of a pair seen .several times by Mr. John Neilson, near the
City of Quebec, during the first half of July, 1879.

Catalogue of Canadian Birds. 107

Geothlypis agilis.

CONNECTICUT WARBLER.

Very little is yet known of the distribution of this species.
In the A. O. U. Check-List the habitat is given as "eastern
North America, breeding north of the United States." In Nexv
England Bird Life it is stated that this bird is a migrant tl:. ough
Connecticut and Massachusetts, where it is rare in the spring,
though more abundant in the autumn ; but it has no New Eng-
land record beyond these States. So far it has not been observed
in any of the Maritime Provinces, nor in Quebec ; and it was un-
known in Ontario until Mr. W. E. Saunders took one specimen
near London, in September, 1883, and since then he has found
them fairly common in the same vicinity and at Point Pelee for a
few days in June. Its regular occurrence in Ontario was to have
been expected, as Dr. Wheaton had reported it as a regular
migrant through Northern Ohio. Mr. Thompson reports it as
a fairly common summer resident in Western Manitoba.

Geothlypis Philadelphia.

MOURNING WARBLER.

Dr. CoUES found the Mourning Warbler " breeding abund-
antly " at Pembina, and Mr. Thompson reports it as common
in Manitoba, and in some localities abundant, but east of that
Province it is generally reported as of rare or uncommon occur-
rence. It is lather rare, usually, in New Brunswick and Nova
Scotia, though Mr. F"rancis Bain reports it as common on
Prince Edward Island. It winters in Central America.

Geothlypis macgillivrayi.

MACOILLIVRAY'H WARBI.ER.

A fairly common summer resident of British Columbia,

108 Catalogue of Canadian Birds.

Geothlypis trichas.

MARYLAND YELLOW-THROAT.

An abundant summer resident from the Atlantic border to
Lake Huron, though of somewhat local distribution in Ontario.
Turner reports it common in the southern portions of Labrador.
Winters south to the Gulf States and West Indies.

Geothlypis trichas occidentalis.

WESTERN YELLOW-THROAT.

An abundant summer resident in Manitoba and west to the
Rockies ; fairly common in British Columbia. Winters south to
Central America.

Icteria virens.

YELLOW-IIREASTEO CHAT.

A few examples of this species have been observed in
Ontario, but its occurrence there is merely accidental. Dr.
CoUES reports finding it in abundance in the Missiouri Valley
region, near the 49th parallel.

Sylvania mitrata.

HOODED WARHLEU.

This is a bird of the Carolinian Fauna, but has gained a right
to be mentioned here by occasionally straggling into Southern
Ontario.

It winters in the West Indies, and in Central America.

Sylvania pusilla.

WILSON'S WARItLER.

" Wilson's Black Cap," also known as the " Black-capped
Yellow W^arbler," is reported as rare in Ontario, but east and
west of that Province it is fairly common, though it has been

Catalogue of Canadian Birds. 109

found breeding only in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, and,
occasionally, in the Fur Countries. It winters in Central
America.

Sylvania pusilla pileolata.

FILEOLATED AVARBI.KK.

An abundant summer resident of British Columbia.

Sylvania canadensis.

CANADIAN WARBLER.

The "Canadian Flycatcher," or " Flycatching Warbler," as
this species has been called, is a more or less common species
from the Atlantic border to the Great Plains, ranging as far north
as Lake Winnipeg and Point dcs Monts. It is a migrant in the
southern portions of Manitoba and Ontairo, but elsewhere is a
summer resident.

Winters south to northern South America.

Setophaga ruticilla.

AMERICAN REDSTART.

This Warbler occurs from the Atlantic border to the Pacific,
and north to Labrador and I''ort Simpson, breeding throughout
its range. It is very abundant in many localities in the Maritime
Provinces and in Manitoba, though rare in British Columbia.
Winters from Southern Mexico to northern South America.

Anthus pensylvanicus.

AMERICAN I'll'IT.

This species, formerly called the " Titlark," occurs in more
or less abundance throughout the Dominion, but is only met with

110 Catalogue of Canadian Birds.

along the southern portions while migrating between its winter
home in the south and its breeding grounds in sub-arctic regions.
KuMLiEN found it breeding as far north as latitude 78^, but
reports it " nowhere abundant." Dr. CouES reports it breeding
in the higher parts of the Rocky Mountains — " above timber
limit." Winters from the Gulf States to Central America.

Anthus spragueii.

SFHAGUE'S PIPIT.

An abundant summer resident of the Great Plains, between
Western Manitoba and the base of the Rockies. Winters in
Southern Mexico.

Cinclus mexicanus.

AMERICAN DIPPER.

An abundant resident of British Columbia and the eastern
slope of the Rockies.

Mimus polyglottos.

MOCKINGBIRD.

One example was taken at Chatham, Ontario, in i860, by Mr.
W. E. Sandys, and Mr. McIl wraith reports that a pair spent
the summer of 1883 near Hamilton. Dr. Wheaton reports it
breeding in Northern Ohio.

Galeoscoptes carolinensis.

CATBIRD.

This species is a common sujnmer resident from the Mari-
time Provinces to the Rockies, and is occasionally met with in
British Columbia between the Rockies and the Cascades. Rich-
ardson found it in the Saskatchewan Valley, in latitude 54°, but
on the Atlantic border it has not been found north of latitude 47°.

Catalogue of Canadian Birds. Ill

Harporhynchus rufus.

BKOWN THRASHER.

The " Brown Thrush," as it is sometimes called, has not been
taken in the Maritime Provinces. Mr. Dunlop reports it as
having become quite common near Montreal during the last ten
or fifteen years, though before 1871 it was rare; Dr. Hall, how-
ever, recorded it as " common " in his 1839 list. Messrs. White
and Scott report it as rather common in the vicinity of Ottawa,
and it is more or less common in all favorable localities in Ontario
as far to the north as Gravenhurst, where Mr. Scriven considers
it rare. In Manitoba it is common, or abundant, and ranges to
the northern extremity of Lake Winnipeg and west to the eastern
base of the Rockies, Winters in the Southern States.

Salpinctes obsoletus.

ROCK WREN.

An uncommon summer resident of British Columbia.

Thryothorus bewickii spilurus.

VIGORS WREN.

A fairly common summer resident of British Columbia.

Troglodytes aedon.

HOUSE WREN.

There is but one record of the occurrence of this species in
the Maritime Provinces — that of a pair observed in New Bruns-
wick l)y Mr. C. F. Batchelder — and Mr. Neilson reports hav-
ing met with it once, only, near Quebec ; but at Montreal it is
fairly common, and is numerous in Southern Ontario.

112 Catalogue of Canadian Birds.

Troglodytes aedon parkmanii.

PARKMAN'S WKKN.

An abundant summer resident of Manitoba, ranging west-
ward to British Columbia, where it is fairly common.

Troglodytes hyemalis.

WINTER WREN.

The Winter Wren is of more or less common occurrence in
all favorable localities from Eastern Manitoba to the Atlantic sea-
board, spending the summer and breeding throughout this range,
excepting in the more southern portions of Ontario, where it
occurs as a migrant, or as a winter visitant. The most northerly
]ioint from which it has been reported is Lake Misstassini, where
Mr. Joseph M. Macoun found it in March, 1885. Mr. Comeau
reports a pair summering at Point des Monts in 1884.

Troglodytes hyemalis pacificus.

WESTERN WINTER WREN.

An abundant resident of British Columbia.

Cistothorus stellaris.

SHORT>BILLED MARSH WREN*.

An abundant summer resident of Western Manitoba and the
adjacent Prairies. Mr. Saunders reports finding it rather com-
mon on the St. Clair Flats, Ontario.

Cistothorus palustris.

LONO-UILLED MARSH WREN.

This species is a common summer resident in Southern
Ontario, and, though it has not been observed near Ottawa, is

Catalogue of Canadian Birds. 113

reported by Messrs. Dunlop and Wintle as appearing every
spring on Nun's Island, off Montreal. It is a rare summer resi-
dent of Manitoba, and westward to the Rockies, and is fairly
common in British Columbia, north to Kamloops. Winters
south to Guatemala.

Certhia familiaris americana.

BROWN CREEPER.

The Creeper is an uncommon summer resident of the Mari-
time Provinces, and is rare in Manitoba ; but in both Quebec and
Ontario it is common, and is found in the southern portions of
the latter Province during the entire year, though its general
breeding ground is farther north. In British Columbia it is fairly
common, north to Kamloops.

Sitta carolinensis.

WHITE-BREASTED NUTHATCH.

This species is said to occur throughout the southern portions
of the Dominion, from the Adantic to the Rockies, but I have not
seen any records of it having been taken west of the Georgian
Bay. It is sedentary in Southern Ontario, and quite common,
and in Quebec and the Maritime Provinces it is a fairly common
summer resident.

Sitta carolinensis aculeata.

SLENDER-BILLED NUTHATCH.

A summer resident from Manitoba to the Pacific, being most
abundant on the western slopes of the Rocky Mountains and the
eastern slopes of the Cascades.
p

114 Catalogue of Canadian Birds.

Sitta canadensis.

KED-BRKASTED Xl'THATCH.

Occurs from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and north to Point
des Monts and Lake Winnipeg. It is found during the entire
year in the northern portions of its range, but in winter only in
the more southern portions. . -

Sitta pygmsea.

PYGMY NUTHATCH.

A summer resident of British Columbia; most'abundant cast
of the Cascades, especially in the Similkameen V^alley.

Parus atricapillus.

chickadee.

An abundant resident from the Atlantic border to Lake
Huron, and north to about the 50th parallel.

Parus atricapillus septentrionalis.

L0NG-TAI1.ED chickadee.

An abundant resident of Manitoba and across the Great Plains
to the Rockies.

Parus atricapillus occidentalis.

OREGON chickadee.

An abundant resident along the Pacific coast.

Parus gambeli.

MOUNTAIN CHICKADEE.

This species is common on the eastern slopes of the Cascade
Mountains {Fannin).

Catalogue of Canadian Birds. 115

Parus hudsonicus.

HUDSONIAN CHICKADEE.

This species is a common resident of the Maritime Provinces
and the islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, though in the south-
ern parts of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia it is most numerous
in winter. It is abundant during the entire year in Labrador, in
Quebec to about latitude 50°, and in the Muskoka district of
Ontario. It is rare near the City of Quebec and in the vicinity
of Montreal, and for Southern Ontario the only record is of one
example taken near Ottawa by Mr. W. L. Scott. Prof Macoun
met it at Porcupine Mountain, and it has been taken at Great
Slave Lake, but there is no record for Manitoba or the Hudson's
Bay region.

Parus rufescens.

CHESTNUT-UACKED CHICKADEE.

An abundant resident of British Columbia.

Psaltriparus minimus.

BUSH-TIT.

A fairly common bird on Vancouver Island and along the
Pacific coast.

Regulus satrapa.

GOLDEN-CROWNED KINGLET.

A common bird from the Atlantic border to the Great Plains,
and north to the lower Fur Countries. Breeds chiefly northward
of latitude 45°, and winters along the southern border and south
to Guatemala.

Regulus satrapa olivaceus.

WESTERN GOLDEN-CROWNED KINGLET.

An abundant summer resident of British Columbia.

116 Catalogue OF Canadian Birds.

Regulus calendula.

KUUY-CROAVNED KINGLET.

Occurs throughout Canada, from the United States boundary
to the P'ur Countries ; breeding from about latitude 45° north-
ward. It is abundant in British Columbia, common in the in-
terior, and uncommon or rare along the Atlantic border. Winters
south to Guatemala.

Polioptila caerulea.

BLUE-GRAY GNATCATCIIEK.

A regular and not very rare summer resident of Southern
Ontario.

Myadestes townsendii.

TOWNSEND'S SOLITAIKE.

A very rare summer resident of British Columbia {Fannin).

Turdus mustelinus.

WOOD THRUSH.

A common summer resident of Southern Ontario, ranging
north to Gravenhurst {Scrivcn), and cast to Ottawa (ScoK), and
the eastern townships of the Province of Quebec {Dnnlop).
Winters south to Guatemala and Cuba.

Turdus fuscescens.

WILSON'S THRUSH.

This species has been called the " Tawny Thrush " and
" Veery." It occurs from the Atlantic border to the Great
Plains, and north to Anticosti, breeding throughout.

Catalogue OF Canadian Birds. 117

Turdus fuscescens salicicolus.

WILLOW TBKUSH. '

Examples of this variety of Wilson's Thrush were taken by
Dr. CouES on the Souris Plains, near the 49th parallel.

Turdus aliciae.

GRAY-CHE£KEO TUKUSU.

Occurs throughout Canada, north to the Arctics ; breeding in
high latitudes, and migrating across the southern border.

Turdus aliciae bicknelli. *

BICKNELL'S TURVSH.

The Rev. J. H. Langille reports finding this variety of the
Gray-Cheeked Thrush abundant on Mud Island and Seal Island,
off the coast of Nova Scotia.

Turdus ustulatus.

RUSSET-BACKED THRUSH.

An abundant summer resident along the Pacific coast,
occurring, also, in the interior of British Columbia. Winters in
Guatemala.

Turdus ustulatus swainsonii.

OLIVE-BACKED THRUSH.

Occurs from the Atlantic border to the eastern base of the
Rockies, and north to the northern shore of the Gulf of St.
Lawrence and to the Great Slave Lake region ; rather rare
between Montreal and Lake Huron, but common to abundant
elsewhere. Breeds from about latitude 45° northward.

118 Catalogue of Canadian Birds.

Turdus aonalaschkae.

DWAKF HEKMIT TilKUSII.

An abundant summer rcsidcMit of the Pacific coast, occurring,
also, in the interior of British Columbia.

Turdus aonalaschkae pallasii.

UERMIT THKVSH.

A more or less common bird from the Atlantic bo'rder to the
Rockies, and north to Anticosti and Lake Misstassini; breeding
from about latitude 45°. Winters from the Northern States
southward.

Merula migratoria.

AMEItlCAN ROBIN.

An abundant summer resident throughout Canada, north to
the Arctics ; breeding throughout. Winters from about latitude
46° (sparingly) southward.

Merula migratoria propinqua.

WESTERN ROBIN.

Occurs abundantly in British Columbia.

Hesperocichla naevia.

varied THRL'Sp.

This species is sedentary along the coast of British Columbia,
and is found in the interior during the summer.

Catalogue of Canadian Birds. 119

Saxicola CEnanthe.

WHEATKAR.

Occurs along the Atlantic coast, from Grand Manan to the
Arctics. Breeds in Cumberland Bay and south to (probably) the
Gulf of St. Lawrence.

Sialia sialis.

BLUEBIRD.

Occurs from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to the eastern e(]ge
of tlie Great Plains, and north to Point des Monts and Lake
Winnipeg. It is abundant in Southern Ontario, and common
near Montreal, but rare or casual elsewhere. Winters south to
Cuba,

Sialia mexicana.

WESTERN BLUEBIRD.

An abundant summer resident of British Columbia.

Sialia arctica.

mountain BLUEBIRD.

Occurs from the Great Plains to the Pacific ; is abundant in
British Columbia, from the Cascade Mountains to the Rockies.

APPENDIX.

APPENDIX.

Since the A. O. U. Check-List was issued, several alterations
in the nomenclature of North American birds, as well as additions
to the avi-fauna, have been made. The following are the changes
which affect the present Catalogue :

Somateria moUissima borealis.

GREENLAND EIDER.

This replaces the Eider (6*. Mollissiiiia) of the Check- List.

In a note in Ridgwav's Manual of North American Birds,
the author states that the American bird proves to be not the true
S. moUissima (which is found in Northern Europe), but a fairly
distinguishable race, which he describes and names as above.

Symphemia semipalmata inornata.

WESTERN WILLET.

This is an additional sub-species.

In The Auk for April, 1887, Mr. William Brewster
separates the western bird from that found along the Atlantic
coast, giving the present form sub-specific rank. It is said to
differ from typical semipalmata in size, color, and markings. Its
habitat is givert as : " Interior of North America, between the
Mississippi and the Rocky Mountains; wintering along the coasts
of the Gulf and the Southern Atlantic States (Florida, Georgia,
South Carolina)."

I cannot give the distribution in Canada of the two forms,
though it is probable that true semipalmata ranges from the
Atlantic to Manitoba, while inornata is restricted to the Prairies.

(IK)

124 Appendix.

Scotiaptex cinereum.

GREAT GRAY OWI..

In the Manual of North American Birds the name of the
genus in which this species is placed is given as above, it being
the opinion of the author of the Manual that the substitution
of Ulula for Scotiaptex, as the n-^me for this genus, was an error.

Empidonax dificilis.

WESTERN FLYCATCHER.

"Called 'Baird's 'Flycatcher' in the A. O. U. Check- List,
but this name belongs properly to E. bairdii" — (Ridgway).

Corvus corax sinuatus.

MEXICAN RAVEN.

Corvus corax principalis.

NORTHERN RAVEN.

This last is a new sub-species, described by Mr. Ridgwav in
the Manual.

The name sinuatus, which was given to the American Raven
in the A. O. U. Check-List, is retained by Mr. Ridgway for the
Mexican Raven — a form that is found in the "Western United
States, and south to Guatemala." From lack of specimens the
describer is unable to determine which sub-species the birds of
the Eastern United States belong to.

Whether both varieties are represented in the fauna of
Canada is yet to be decided, and, until evidence to the con-
trary is forthcoming, I propose to replace sinuatus by princi-
palis, allowing the former to remain among the hypothetical
cases.

Appendix. 125

Corvus americanus hesperis. • •

CALIFOKNIA CROW.

This is a new sub-species, which is described in the Mamial
of North American Birds.

The author says of it that it is " a very strongly characterized
race, which also differs markedly in habits and notes from the
eastern bird." He gives its habitat as " Western United States,
north to Washington Territory (Puget Sound), Idaho, Montana,
etc., south to Northern Mexico, east to Rocky Mountains."

The California Crow will undoubtedly be found in British
Columbia.

Pinicola enucleator canadensis.

AMERICAN PINE GROSBEAK.

This replaces pinicola enucleator — Pine Grosbeak — of the
Check-List, the European bird being the true enucleator.

Pinicola enucleator kodiaka.

KODIAK PINE GROSBEAK.

This is a new sub-species.

Mr. RiDGWAY, the describer, in his Manual, gives the habitat
as " Kodiak to Sitka, Alaska. (Also probably southward to
higher Sierra Nevada of California.)"

If this bird ranges to California, it of course occurs in British
Columbia in the migrations, and it may possibly be resident in
that Province.

Ammodramus caudacutus subvirgatus.

ACAUI.IN SHARP-TAILED SPARROW.

This is a new variety, discovered by Mr. Jonathan Dvvight,
Junior, and replaces in our fauna the typical caudacutus^ which
. latter has a more southern range.

126 Appendix.

Mr. DwiGHT describes the present form in The Auk for
July, 1887.

Dendroica sestiva morcomi.

TVESTKRN YEL.L,OW WARBLER.

A new sub-species, separated from typical cestiva, and des-
cribed by Mr. H. K. Coale, in Bulletin of the Ridgway Orni-
thological Club, No. 2, April, 1887.

The author characterizes it as " similar to dendroica (estiva.
Colours lighter. Bill more slender." He considers the race as
" so different that it can readily be distinguished from the eastern
at sight." The type was taken at Fort Bridger, Utah.

This sub species probably occurs in Canada, from Manitoba
westward.

INDEX.

INDEX.

Pack.

Acanthis hornemannii 82

liornemannii exilipes, 82

linaria, S2

liiiaria holbccllii, 82

linaria rostrata, 82

Accipiter atricapillus 55

atricapiliiis striatiilus, 55

cooperi, 55

velox, 55

Actilis niacularia, 44

yEchmophoriis occidentalis 1

/Egialitis dubia, 47

hiaticula, 40

meloda, 47

montana, 47

nivosa, 47

seinipalmata, 40

vocifera, 46

wilsonia, 47

Agelaius gubernator, 78

phfcniceiis, 78

Aix sponsa 22

Albatross, Black-footed, 14

Short-tailed, 14

Sooty 14

Yellow-nosed, 14

Alca torda, 0

Allealle G

Ammodramus bairdii 85

caudactus, 80

caudacutus subvirgatus,... 125

henslowii, 80

lecontii, 80

princeps, 85

R

Pace.

Ammodramus sandwichensis, 85

sandwichensis alaudinus,.. 85

sandwichensis savanna, ... 85

savannarum pas.seriniis,... 85

Ampelus cedrorum, 90

garriiliis 95

Anas americana, 21

boschas 20

carolinensis, 21

crecca, 21

cyanoptera, 21

discors, 21

obscura, ..; 20

penelope, 20

strepera, 20

Anser albifrons gambeli, 28

Anthus pensylvanicus, 109

spragueii 110

Anslrotomus vociferus, 08

Aphriza virgata, 48

Aqiiila chrysaetos, 57

Archibuteo ferrugineirs, 57

lagopiis sancti-johannis,... 57

Ardea candidissima 32

coerulea, 32

egretta, 32

herodias, 31

vire.scens, .' 32

Arenaria interprcs, 48

melanocephela, 48

Asio accipitriniis, Gl

wiisonianus, GO

Auk, Great, G

Razor-billed, 6

(120)

m

Index.

» Pagb.

Anklet, Cassln's 4

Rhinoceros, 4

Avocet, American, 3G

Aytiiya affinis, 22

americana 22

collaris, 22

niarila nearctica, 22

vallisneria, 22

Raldpate, 21

Bartraniia longicauda, 43

Rird, Red-billed Tropic, 17

Surf, 4S

Yellow-billed Tropic, IG

Bittern, American, 31

Least, 31

Blackbird, Bicolored, 78

Brewer's, 79

Red-winged, 78

Rusty 79

Yellow-headed, 78

Bluebird, ; 119

Mountain, 119

Western, 119

Bobolink, 77

Western 77

Bob-white 49

Bonasa umbel lus togata, 50

umbellus sabini, 51

unibellus umbelloides, ... . 50

Botaurus e.xilis, 31

lentiginosus, 31

Brachyramphus marmoratus, .. 4

Brant, 29

Black, 29

Branta bernicla, 29

canadensis 28

canadensis hutchinsii, 29

canadensis minima, 29

canadensis occidentalis,... 29

leucopsis, 30

Pacb.

Branta nigricans, 30

Bubo virginianus, G2

virginianus arcticus, G2

virginianus saturatus, G2

virginianus subarcticus, ... 02 ^

Buffle-head 24

Bunting, Indigo, 92

Lark 93

Lazuli 92

Bush-Tit, 115

Buteo borealis, 50

borcalis calurus 50

Itissimus 57

lineatus 56

swainsoni, 50

Calamospiza melanocorys, 93

Calcarius lapponicus, 83

ornatus, 84

pictus, 84

Calidris arenaria, 41

Callipepla californica vallicola, 49

Camptolaimus labradorius, 25

Canvas-back, 23

Cardinal, 92

Cardinalis cardinalis, 92

Carpodacus cassini 81

purpureus, 80

purpureus californicus, SI

Catbird 110

C.atharista atrata, 54

Cathartes aura, 54

Centrocercus urophasianus, ... 53

Ceophlanis pileatus, 06

Cepphus columba, 6

Srylle, 4

mandtii,.... 5

Ccrorhinca nionocerata, 4

Certhia familiaris americana, .. 113

Ceryle alcyon, 04

Chfotura pelagica 08

Index.

131

Paoe.

Cluetura vauxii G9

Cliaradriiis domiiiicus 40

squatorola, 45

Cliaritonetta albeola 24

Cliat, Yellow-breasted, 108

Chelidon erytlirogaster 94

Chen liyperborea, 27

hyperborea nivalis,. 28

rossii, 28

Chickadee, 114

Chestnut-backed, 115

Hudsonian 115

Long-tailed, 114

Mountain, 114

Oregon, 114

Chondestes grammacus stri-

gatus 86

Chordeiles virginianus, C8

virginianus henryi, G8

Cinclus mexicanus, 110

Circus hudsonius, 55

Cistotliorus palustris, 112

stellaris 112

Clangula hyemalis, 24

Ciivicola riparia, 95

Coccothraustes vespertina, 80

Coccyzus americanus, 03

erythropthahnus, 63

Colaptes auratus, 67

cafer, 67

cafer saturatior, 67

chrysoides, 67

Colinus virginianus, 49

Columba fasciata, 53

Colunibigallina passerina, 54

Colymbus auritus 1

holbo-'lii, 1

nigricollis californicus, 2

Compsothlypis americana, 100

Contopus borealis, ,,, 71

Page.

Contopus richardsonii, 71

virens 71

Coot, American, 35

Cormorant, 17

Baird's 18

Brandt's, 18

Double-crested, 17

Florida 17

Violet-green, 18

VViiite-crested, 18

Corvus americanus, 76

americanus hesperis, 124

caurinus, 77

corax sinuatus, 76-121

corax principalis 124

Cowbird, 77

Crake, Corn, 34

Crane, Little Brown, 33

Sandhill, 33

Whooping, 33

Creeper, Brown, 113

Crex crex, 34

Crossbill, American, 81

White-winged, 81

Crow, American, 76

California, 125

Northwest, 76

Crymophilus fulicarius, 35

Cuckoo, Black-billed, 63

Yellow-billed, 63

Curlew, Eskimo, 45

Hudsonian, 45

Long-billed, 44

Cyanocephalus cj'anocephalus, 77

Cy anocitta cristata, 75

stelleri, 75

stelleri macrolopha, 75

Cy pseloides niger 68

Dafila acuta, 22

Pendragapus canadensis, 49

m

Index.

Page.

Deiidragapus frnnklinii, 49

ohsciirus fiiliginosus 41)

obscuiiis ricliJirdsonii 49

Dendroica :estiva, 101

le.stiva morconii, 120

aiidiiboni, 102

blackbiirnia; 103

cajriilea 103

ccerulescens 101

castanea, 103

coronata 101

maculosa, 102

.nigrescens, 104

occidentalis, 104

palmarum, 105

palmanmi hypochrysea,... 105

pensylvanica, 103

striata, 103

tigrina 100

townsendi, 104

. vigorsii, 104

virens, 104

Dickcissel, 93

Diomedea albatrus, 14

nigripes, 14

Dipper, American 110

Dolichonyx oryzivonis, 77

oryzivorus albinucha, 77

Dove, Ground, 54

Mourning, 54

Dovekie, 6

Dowitcher, 37

Long-billed, 38

Dryobates pubescens, 64

pubescens gairdnerii, 04

villosus harrisii, 04

villosus leucomelas, 64

Duck, American Scaup 23

Black 20

Harlequin, 25

Pagb.

Duck, Labrador, 25

Lesser Scaup, 23

Ring-necked 23

Ruddy, 27

Rufous-crested, 22

Steller's 25

Wood 22

Dunlin 40

Eagle, Bald, 57

Golden, 57

Ectopistes migratorius 53

Egret, American, 32

Eider, 25

American, 20

Greenland, 123

King 25

Pacific, 25

Elanoides forficatus, 55

Empidonax acadicus, 72

difficilis 72-124

flaviventris, 72

hammondi, 73

minimus, 73

obscurus, 73

pusillus 72

pusiilus traillii, 73

Eniconetta stelleri 25

Ereunetes occidentalis, 41

pusillus 41

Erismatura rubida, 27

Falco columbarius, 59

columbarius suckleyi 59

islandus, 58

peregrinus anatum, 59

peregrinus pealei, 59

richardsonii 00

rusticolus, 58

rusticolus gyrfalco, 58

rusticolus obsoletus, 59

sparverius, 00

Index.

133

Pagb.

Falcon, Peale's, 59

Finch, California Purple 81

Cassin's I'iiri)le, 81

Purple, SO

Flicker, G7

Gilded G7

Nortlnvestern, G7

Red-shafted G7

Flycatcher, Acadian, 72

Baird's, 72

Crested 71

Hammond's 73

Least, 73

Little, 72

Olive-sided, 71

Scissor-tailed, 70

Traill's, 73

Western, 124

Wright's 73

Yellow-bellied, 72

Fratercula arctica, 3

arctica glacialis, 3

corniculata, 4

Fregata aquila 19

Fulica americana, 35

Fulmar 15

Lesser, 15

Pacific 15

Fulmaris glacialis, 15

glacialis glupischa, 15

glacialis minor, 15

Gadwall, 20

Galeoscoptes carolinensis, 110

Gallinago delicata, 37

gailinago 37

Gallinula galeata, 35

Gallinule, Florida 35

Purple 35

Gannet 17

Gavia alba, 7

Page.

Gelochelidon nilotica, 14

Geothlypis agilis 107

formosa 106

niacgillivrayi, 10

Philadelphia, 107

trichas 108

trichas occidentalis, 108

Glaucidum gnoma, 63

Glaucionetta clangula ameri-
cana 24

islandica, 24

Gnatcatcher, Blue-grey, 116

Godwit, Hudsonian 42

Marbled, 41

Pacific, 41

Golden-eye, American, 24

Barrow's, 24

Goldfinch, American, 83

Goose, Amer. White-fronted, .. 28

Barnacle, 29

Cackling, 29

Canada, 28

Greater Snow, 28

Hutchins', 29

Lesser Snow, 27

Ross's Snow, 28

White-cheeked, 29

Goshawk, American, 55

Western 56

Grackle, Bronzed, 80

Grebe, American Eared 2

Holboell's, 1

Horned, 1

Pied-billed, 2

Western, 1

Grosbeak, Black-headed, 92

American Pine, 125

Blue, 92

Evening, 80

Kodiak Pine, 125

134

Index.

Page.

Grosbeak, Pine, SO

Rose-breasted, 1)2

Giouse, Cana la, 50

Canadian RiifTed, 50

Columbian Sharp tailed,.... 52

Franklin's, 50

Gray Rufled 50

Oregon Ruffed, 51

Prairie Sharp-tailed, 53

Richardson's, 41)

Sage, 53

Siiarp-tailed, 62

Sooty, 49

Grus americana, 33

canadensis, 33

niexicana 33

Guillemot, IMack 4

Mandt's 5

Pigeon, 5

Guiraca ccerulea, 92

(iull, American Herring 9

Bonaparte's, 11

California, 10

F'ranklin's, 11

("jlacous, 8

Glacous-winged, 8

Great HIack-backed, 9

Herring, 9

Heermann's, 10

Iceland, 8

ivory, 7

Kumlien's, 8

Laughing, 10

Mew, 10

I'allas's 9

Ring billed 10

Ross's, 11

Sabine's 11

Short-billed, 10

Western, 0

Pace.

Gy rfalcon, 58

Black, 59

Gray, 58

White, 58

Habia ludoviciana, 92

melanocephala, 92

Hieinatopus bachmani, 49

palliatus 48

IIali;eetus leucocephalus, 58

Harporhyncluis rufus, Hi

Hawk, American Rough-leg'd, 57

American Sparrow, CO

liroad-winged, 57

Cooper's, 55

Duck, 59

Ferruginous Rough-leg'd, 57

Marsh, 55

Pigeon 59

Red-shouldered, 50

Red-tailed, 50

Sharp-shinned, 55

Swainson 's, 5(5

Western Red-tailed, 5(5

Helminthoi:)hila celata, 99

celala kitescens 99

ch rysoptera, 98

peregrina, 99

ruf icapilla, 98

Hen, Prairie 52

Herun, IMack-crowned Night,.. 33

Great Blue 31

Green 33

Little Blue, 32

Snowy, 32

Hesperocichla, nu'via. 118

Heteractilis incamis, 43

Himantopiis mexicanus, 30

Histrionicus histrionicus, 25

Hunuuingbird, Allen's C9

Black-chinned, C9

Index.

135

PAcn.

HuiTitninglvrd, Calliope 70

Ruby-throated, C9

Rufous, 69

Hydrochelidon leucoptcra 14

nigra surinamensis, 13

Ibis, Glossy 31

Icteria virens, 108

Icterus bullocki, 79

galbula 79

sjuirius, 79

lonorius martiuica, 3")

Jaeger, Parasitic, 7

I'omarinc, (i

Long-iaiied, 7

Jay, Alaskan, 70

Hlue, 75

Canada, 7')

Labrador, 70

I vong-crested 75

Oregon 70

Pinon, 77

Rocky Mountain, 76

Stelier's, 75

Junco iiyemalis, 89

liyemalis oregonus, H9

Junco, Oregon, S9

Slate coloi-ed K9

Killdecr 40

Kingbird 70

Arkansas, 70

Kingfisher, Ik-lted, 04

Kinglet, Golden-crowned, 115

Ruby-crowned, 110

Western Golden-crowned, 115

Kite, Swallow-tailed, 55

Kittawake, 7

Pacific 8

Knot, 38

Lagopus lagopus, 51

leucurus, 52

Pace.

Lagopus rupestris, 51

rupestris reinhardti, 52

Lanius borealis 9()

ludovicianus excubitorides, 90

Lark, Desert Horned, 74

Horned, 74

Pallid Horned 74

Prairie Horned, 74

Streaked Horned, 74

Larus argentatus, 9

argentatus smithsonianus, 9

articilla, 10

brachyrhynchus 10

cachinnans, 9

californicus, 10

canus, 10

(lelawareusis, 10

iVanklinii, 10

glaucescens, 8

glaucus, 8

heermanni 10

kumlieni, 8

leucopterus, 8

marinus 9

occidentalis, 9

phiiadelpiiia, 10

Leucosticte tephrocotis, 81

teplirocotis littoralis, 82

Leucosticte, Gray-crowned, ... 81

Hepburn's, 82

Limosa fedoa, 41

ht'cniastica, 42

lapponica baueri, 41

Longspur, Chestnut-collared,.. 84

Lapland 83

McCown's, 84

Smith's 84

Loon, 2

Mlackthroated 2

Pacific, 3

136

Index.

Page.

Loon, Red-throated, 3

Yellow-billed 2

Lophodytes cucullatus 19

Loxia curvlrostra minor, 81

leucoptera, 81

Lunda cirrhata, 3

Macrorhamphus griscus, 37

scolopaceusj 38

Majipie, American 7")

Mallard 20

Man-o'-VVar Hird, 19

Martin, Purple 94

Meadovvlark, 78

Western, 78

MeRalestris skua, (!

Megascops asio, 01

assio kennicottii, 02

Melanerpes carolinus 00

erytlirocephalus 06

torquatus CO

Meleagris gallopavo, 53

Melospiza fasciata, 89

fasciata guttata, 90

fasciata rulina 90

georgiana, 90

lincolni 90

Merganser americanus, 19

serrator, 19

Merganser, American, 19

Hooded, 19

Red breasted 19

Merlin, Black, 59

Richardson's, 00

Merula migratoria, 118

migratoria |iropin(iua 118

Micropalama hiniantopus, 38

Milvuhis forficatus, 70

Mimus polyglottos, 110

Mniotiita varia 98

Mockingbird, 110

Page.

Molothrus ater, 77

Murre, 5

Rriinnich's, 5

California 5

Pallas's 5

Murrelet, Marbled, 4

Temninck's, 4

Myadestes tovvnsendii, 110

Myiarchus crinitus, 71

Netta rufina 22

Nighthawk, OS

Western, 08

Numenius borealis, 45

hudsonicus 45

longirostris 44

Nutcracker, Clarke'.s, 77

Nuthatch, Pygmy 114

Red-breasted, U4

Slender-billed, 113

White-breasted, 113

Nyctala acadica 01

tengmaimi richardsoni,.... 01

Nyctea nyctea, 02

Nycticora.\ nyclicora.x nccvius, 33

Oceanites oceanicus, 10

Oceanodroma furcata, 1(»

leucorhoa, 10

Oidemia americana 2(i

degland i 27

perspicillata, 27

()ld-.s(iua\v, 21

Olor buccinator 30

columbianus, 30

Orcortyx piclus 49

Oriole, Maltimore, 79

Mullock's 79

Orchard 79

Osprey, American, 00

Otocoris alpeslris 74

alpestris arenicola, 74

Index.

137

Page.

Otocoris alpestris leucolcema,.. 74

alpestris praticola, 74

alpestris strigata, .'. 74

Oven-bird, 10.")

Owl. American Barn V>')

American Hawk, ().'>

American Long-cared, 00

Arctic Horned, 62

Barred 01

Burrowing, G:^

Dusky Horned, 02

Great Gray, 01-124

Great Horned, 02

Kennicott's Screech 02

Pygmy 03

Richardson's, 01

Saw-whet, 61

Screecli, 61

Short-eared, 01

Snowy, ()2

Western Horned 02

Oyster-catcher, American 48

Black 49

I'andion haliaiitus carolinensis, 00

Partridge, Mountain, 49

Valley 49

I'arus a'ricapillus, 114

atricapillus occidentalis,... 114
atricapillusseptentrionalis, 1 i4

gambeli, 114

hudsonicus, 1 !•")

rufescens Ho

Passer domesticus, HI!

i'asserella iliaca, 90

iliaca unalaschensis 91

PasserinaanKLiia 9!}

cyanea 92

Pavoncella pngnax, 43

Pediocii'tes pliasianellus, M

phasinnellus campestris,... 63

Paor,

Pediocsetes phasianellus col-

umbianus 62

Pelecanus californicus 19

erythrorhynchos 18

Pelican, American White, 18

California Brown,. 19

Perisoreus canadensis, 75

canadensis capitalis, 76

canadensis fumifrons, 76

canadensis nigricapilkis,... 76

obscurus 70

Petrel, Fork-tailed, 10

Leach's 16

Stormy 10

Wilson's, 16

Petrochelidon lunifrons,.?! 94

Peuccea ruficeps, 89

Pewee, Western Wood, 72

VV^ood, 71

Phaiithon a^thereus, 17

flavirostris 16

Phalacrocorax carbo 17

dilophus 17

dilophus cincinatus, 18

dilophus tloridanus, 17

l)elagicus resplendens, 18

pelagicus robustus, 18

penicillatus, 18

Phalarope, Northern, 35

Red, 35

Wilson's 3()

Phalaropus lobatus 36

tricolor, 30

Philohela minor 37

Pluebe, 71

Say's, 71

PlKebetria fuliginosa 14

Pica pica Inidsonica, 75

Picoidcs americanus 65

arcticus, 05

138

Index.

Page.

Picicorvus columbianus, 77

Pigeon, Band-tailed 53

Passenger, 53

Pinicola enucleator, SO

enucleator canadensis 125

enucleator kodiaka, 125

Pintail 22

Pipilo erythroplithalmus, i)l

niaculatus arcticus 91

inaciilatus oregonus, 91

Pipit, American 109

Sprague's, 110

Piranga erythromelas, 93

ludoviciana, 93

rubra, 93

Plautus impennis, 6

Plectroplienax nivalis, 83

Plegadis autumnalis, 31

Plover, American Golden 40

Black-bellied, 45

Little Ring 47

Mountain, 48

Piping, 47

King, 40

Semipalmated, 40

Snowy, 47

Wilson's, 47

Podilymbus podiceps 2

Polioptila ccerulea, 110

Poocietes, graniiiieiis, 84

gramineus confuiis, 84

Porzana Carolina 34

noveboracensis, 34

Prairie Hen, 52

I'rocellaria pelagic 10

Progne subis, 94

Protonolaria citera, 98

Psaltriparus minimus, 105

Pseudogryphus californianus,.. 54

Ptarmigan, Keinhardt's, 52

Page.

Ptarmigan, Rock, 51

\Vhite-iailed, 52

Willow, 51

Ptychoramphus aleuticus, 4

Puffin 3

Horned 4

Large-billed, 3

Tufted 3

Puffinus major 15

puffinus, 15

stricklandi, 15

Quiscalus quiscula scneus 80

Kail, King, 34

Virginia, 34

Yellow, 34

Rallus elegans, 34

virginianus, 34

Raven, American, 70

Me.xican 124

Northern, 124

Kecurvirostra americana 30

Redhead 22

Redpoll 82

Greenland, 82

Greater 82

Hoary, 82

HoIIklU's, 82

Redstart, American, 107

Red-tail, Western 50

Rc'gulus calendula, 110

satrapa, 115

satrapa olivaceus, 115

Rhodostethia rosea, 11

Rissa tridactyla, 7

tridactyla pollicaris, 8

Rubin, American 118

Western, 118

Rough leg, Ferruginous, 57

Run; 43

Rynchophanes mccownii, 84

Index.

139

Pagk.

Rynchops nigra, 14

Salpinctes obsoletus, Ill

Sanderling, 41

Sandpiper, Baird's, 3!)

Bartramian, 43

lUifT-breasted, 41

Curlew, 40

Green, 42

Least 40

Pectoral, 39

Purple 30

' Red-backed, 40

Seniipalmated, 41

Solitary, 42

Spotted 41

Stilt 38

Western 41

Wliite-runiped, 39

Sapsucker, Red-naped, 00

Red-breasted, 00

Yellow-bellied, 05

Saxicola ocnanthe, 119

Sayornis phoebe, 71

saya, 71

Scolecophagus carolinus 79

cyanocei)halus, 79

Scolopax rusticola, 37

Scoter, American, 20

Surf, 27

White winged 27

Scotiaptex cinereum, 124

Seirus aurocapillus 105

inotacilla 100

no veboracensis 1 05

noveboracensis notabilis,.. 100

Setopliaga ruticilla I(i9

Shearwater, Greater, 15

Manx, 15

Shearwater, Sooty, 15

Shoveller 22

Vm.e.

Shrike, Northern 90

White-rumped, 96

Sialia arctica 119

mexicana, 119

sialis 119

Siskin, Pine, 83

Sitta, canadensis, 114

carolinensi.s, 113

carolinensis aculeata, 113

pygmcca, 113

Skimmer, Black, 14

Skua, 0

Snipe, European, 37

Wilson's, 37

Snowflake, 83

Solitaire, Townsend's, 110

Somateria dresseri 20

niollissima, 25

mollissinia borealis, 123

spectabilis, 20

v-nigra, 20

Sora 34

Sparrow, 86

Acadian Sharp-tailed, 125

Baird's, 85

Brewer's, 88

Chipping, 8S

Clay-colored, 88

European House, 83

Field, 88

Fox 88

Gambel's, 87

Golden-crowned, 87

G rasshopper, 85

Harris's 80

Henslow's 80

Intermediate, 87

Ipswich, 85

Leconte's, 80

Lincoln's, 88

140

Index.

I'ACiE.

Sparrow, Rufous-crowned, 88

Rusty Song, 88

Sandwicii 85

Savanna, 85

Sliarp-tailed, 80

Song 88

Sooty Song-, 88

Swamp, 88

Townsend's, 88

Tree 88

Vesper, 84

Western Chipping, 88

Western Lark, 80

Western Savanna, 85

Western Tree, 88

Western Vesper, 81

White-crowned, 87

White-throated, 87

Spatula clypeata, 22

Speotyto cunicuiaria hypogrea, (io'

Sphyrapicus ruber, 05

varius, 65

varius nuchalis, 05

Spinus pinus, 83

tristis, 83

Spiza aniericana, 1)3

Spizella breweri, 88

monticola, 88

nionticola ochracea, 88

paUida 8S

pusilla, 88

socialis, 88

social is arizonic, 88

Steigido|Ueryx serripennis, 95

Stercorarius longicaudus 7

parasiticus 7

poniarinus, 0

Sterna antillaruin 13

dougalii, 13

forsteri, 12

• Pa(;e.

Sterna hirundo, 13

maxima, 12

paradisiL-a, 13

sandvicensis acuflavida, ... 12

tscliegra va, 12

Stilt, Black-necked 30

Strix pralincola, (iO

Sturnella magna, 78

magna neglecta, 78

Sula bassana 17

Surf Bird 4S

Siirnia ulula caparoch, "03

Swallow, Bap.k, S)5

Barn 04

Clitr. 1)4

Rough-winged 1)5

Tree, 94

Violet-green, 95

Swan, Trumpeter, 30

Whistling, 30

Swift. Black, 09

Chinmey. 09

Vaux's 09

Sylvania canadensis, 109

mitrata 108

pusilla, 108

pusilla pileolata, 109

Symjihemia semipalmata, 43

semipalmata inornata, 123

Synlhliboramphus wumizus-

ume, 4

Syrnium ncbulosum, 01

Tachycineta bicolor, 94

thalassina, 95

Tannager, Louisiana, 93

Scarlet, '^93

Sunmier 93

lalkr, Wandering, 43

Teal, Iflue-winged, 21

Cinnamon, 21

Index.

141

Page.

Teal, European 21

Green-winged 21

Tern, Arctic, 13

Black 13

Cabot's, 12

Caspian 12

Common, 13

Forster's, 12

Gull-billed, 12

Least, 13

Roseate, 13

Royal 12

White-winged Black, 14

Tlialassogeron culminatus, 14

Thrasher, Brown, Ill

Thrush, Bicknell's 117

Dwarf Hermit, 118

Gray-cheeked, 1J7

Hermit 118

Olive-backed, 117

Russet-backed, 117

Varied, 108

Willow, 117

Wilson's, 110

Wood lie

Thryothorus bewickii spilurus, 1 1 1

Totanus tlavipes, 42

melanoleucus, 42

ochropus 42

solitarius, 42

Towhee, dl

Arctic, 91

Oregon, t)l

Tringa alpina, 40

alpina pacilica, 40

bairdii 39

canutiis, 38

feruginea, 40

luscicollis, 39

maculata, 39

Page.

Tringa maritima, 39

minutilla, 40

'I'rochihis alexandri, 69

alleni, 69

calliope, 70

colubris, 69

rufus, 69

Troglodytes aedon, Ill

at'don parkmanii, 112

hyemalis 112

hyemalis pacificus 112

Tropic Bird, Red-billed 17

Yellow-billed 16

Tryngites subruficollis, 44

Turdus alicia?, 117

aliciip bicknelli 117

aonalaschkfc, 118

aonalaschkic pallasi, 118

fuscescens, 116

fuscescens salicicolus 117

mustelinus, 116

ustulatus 117

ustulatus swainsoni, 117

Turkey, Wild 53

Turnstone, 48

Black, 48

Tympanuchus americanus 52

Tyrannus tyrannus, 70

verticalis, 70

Uhila cinerea (il

Uria lomvia; 5

lomvia arra, 5

troile, 5

troile californica, 5

Urinator adamsii 2

arcticus 2

imber 2

lumnie, 3

pacificus, 3

Vireo llavifrons, 97

142

Index.

Pauh.

Vireo flavoviridis, 9G

gilvus, 5)7

noveboracensis, 98

olivaceus, 9(5

pliiladelphicus, 97

solitarius 97

solitarius cassinii, 97

Vireo, IJlue-headed, 97

Cassin's 97

Philadelphia, 97

Red-eyed, 96

Warbling 97

White-eyed 98

Yellow-green 90

Yellow-throated, 97

Yiiltiire, Black, 54

California, 54

Turkey, 54

Warbler, Audubon's, 102

Hay-breasted, 103

Black and White 98

Hlackburnian, 103

Black-poll 103

Black-throated Blue, 101

Black-throated Gray, 104

Black-throated Green, 104

Canadian, 109

Cape May 100

Cerulean, 103

Chestnut-sided, 103

Connecticut, 107

Golden- winged, 98

Hermit 104

Hooded 103

Kentucky, 106

Lutescent 99

Macgillivray's, 107

Magnolia, 102

Mourning 107

Myrtle, 101

Pagf,

Warbler, Nashville, 98

Orange-crowned, 99

I'alm, 105

Parula, 100

rileolated, 109

Bine, 104

Brothonolary, 98

Tennessee, 99

Townsend's, 104

Western Yellow, 126

Wilson's 108

Yellow, 101

Yellow Palm, 105

Water-Thrush, 105

Grinnell's 106

Louisiana, 106

Waxwing, Bohemian, 95

Cedar 96

Wheatear 119

Whip-poor will, 68

Widgeon, 20

Willet 43

Western, 123

Woodcock, American 37

European, 37

Woodpecker, Arctic Three-
toed, 65

American Three-toed, 65

Downy 64

Gairdner's, 64

Harris's, 64

Lewis's, 66

Northern Hairy 64

Pileated 66

Red-bellied, m

Red-headed 66

White-headed 64

Wren, House,. Ill

Long-billed Marsh, 112

Parkman's, 112

Index,

143

Page,

Wren, Rock HI

Short-billed Marsh, 112

Vigor's, Ill

Winter, 112

Western Winter, 112

Xanthocephalus xanthocepha-

lus 78

Xemasabinii, ]]

Xenopicus albolarvatus, G4

Yellow-legs, 42

Pack.

Yellow-legs, Greater '42

Yellow-throat, Maryland, 108

Western, 108

Zenaidnra macroura, 54

Zonotrichia albicollis, 87

coronata, 87

gambeli 87

intermedia 87

leucophrys 87

qiierula, 86